Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 3.143

यदि समरम् अपास्य नास्ति मृत्योर् भयम् इति युक्तम् इतो ऽन्यतः प्रयातुम् ।
अथ मरणम् अवश्यम् एव जन्तोः किम् इति मुधा मलिनं यशः क्रियते ॥ १४३ ॥

yadi samaram apāsya nāsti mṛtyor bhayam iti yuktam ito 'nyataḥ prayātum |
atha maraṇam avaśyam eva jantoḥ kim iti mudhā malinaṃ yaśaḥ kriyate || 143 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 3.143 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (3.143). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Yadi, Yad, Samara, Apasya, Nasti, Mriti, Mrityu, Bhaya, Iti, Yuktam, Yukta, Itah, Ita, Anyatah, Pra, Praya, Atu, Atha, Marana, Avashyam, Eva, Jantu, Kim, Mudha, Malina, Malin, Yasha, Yashas, Kriyat,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 3.143). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “yadi samaram apāsya nāsti mṛtyor bhayam iti yuktam ito 'nyataḥ prayātum
  • yadi -
  • yadi (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    yadi (indeclinable relative)
    [indeclinable relative]
    yadi (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    yad (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
  • samaram -
  • samara (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
  • apāsya -
  • apāsya (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    apāsya (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    apāsya (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • nāsti -
  • nāsti (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • mṛtyor -
  • mṛti (noun, feminine)
    [genitive dual], [locative dual]
    mṛtyu (noun, masculine)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
  • bhayam -
  • bhaya (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    bhaya (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    bhayā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • iti -
  • iti (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    iti (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
  • yuktam -
  • yuktam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    yukta (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    yukta (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    yuktā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    yuj -> yukta (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √yuj class 7 verb]
    yuj -> yukta (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √yuj class 7 verb], [accusative single from √yuj class 7 verb]
  • ito' -
  • itaḥ (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    ita (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    i -> ita (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √i class 2 verb]
    i (verb class 2)
    [present active third dual]
  • anyataḥ -
  • anyataḥ (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • prayā -
  • prā (noun, feminine)
    [instrumental single]
    prayā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • ātum -
  • ātu (noun, masculine)
    [accusative single]
  • Line 2: “atha maraṇam avaśyam eva jantoḥ kim iti mudhā malinaṃ yaśaḥ kriyate
  • atha -
  • atha (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • maraṇam -
  • maraṇa (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • avaśyam -
  • avaśyam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    avaśyā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • eva -
  • eva (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    eva (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    eva (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • jantoḥ -
  • jantu (noun, masculine)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
  • kim -
  • kim (indeclinable interrogative)
    [indeclinable interrogative]
    kim (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    kim (pronoun, neuter)
    [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • iti -
  • iti (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    iti (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
  • mudhā* -
  • mudhā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • malinam -
  • malina (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    malina (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    malinā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    malin (noun, masculine)
    [accusative single]
  • yaśaḥ -
  • yaśas (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    yaśas (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    yaśa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • kriyate -
  • kṛ -> kriyat (participle, masculine)
    [dative single from √kṛ class 6 verb]
    kṛ -> kriyat (participle, neuter)
    [dative single from √kṛ class 6 verb]
    kṛ (verb class 1)
    [present passive third single]
    kṛ (verb class 2)
    [present passive third single]
    kṛ (verb class 5)
    [present passive third single]
    kṛ (verb class 8)
    [present passive third single]
    kṛ (verb class 3)
    [present passive third single]
    kṛ (verb class 6)
    [present middle third single], [present passive third single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 3.143

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 3.143 in Gujarati sript:
યદિ સમરમ્ અપાસ્ય નાસ્તિ મૃત્યોર્ ભયમ્ ઇતિ યુક્તમ્ ઇતો ઽન્યતઃ પ્રયાતુમ્ ।
અથ મરણમ્ અવશ્યમ્ એવ જન્તોઃ કિમ્ ઇતિ મુધા મલિનં યશઃ ક્રિયતે ॥ ૧૪૩ ॥

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