Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

न धर्म-शास्त्रं पठतीति कारणं न चापि वेदाध्ययनं दुरात्मनः ।
स्वभाव एवात्र तथातिरिच्यते यथा प्रकृत्या मधुरं गवां पयः ॥ १७ ॥

na dharma-śāstraṃ paṭhatīti kāraṇaṃ na cāpi vedādhyayanaṃ durātmanaḥ |
svabhāva evātra tathātiricyate yathā prakṛtyā madhuraṃ gavāṃ payaḥ || 17 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 1.17 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (1.17). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Dharma, Dharman, Shastra, Pathat, Iti, Karana, Capin, Capi, Vedadhyayana, Duratman, Svabhava, Eva, Tatha, Yatha, Prakriti, Madhuram, Madhura, Gava, Payas, Paya,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 1.17). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “na dharma-śāstraṃ paṭhatīti kāraṇaṃ na cāpi vedādhyayanaṃ durātmanaḥ
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • dharma -
  • dharma (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    dharman (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • śāstram -
  • śāstra (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • paṭhatī -
  • paṭh -> paṭhat (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √paṭh class 1 verb]
    paṭh -> paṭhat (participle, neuter)
    [nominative dual from √paṭh class 1 verb], [vocative dual from √paṭh class 1 verb], [accusative dual from √paṭh class 1 verb], [locative single from √paṭh class 1 verb]
    paṭh (verb class 1)
    [present active third single]
  • iti -
  • iti (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    iti (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
  • kāraṇam -
  • kāraṇa (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    kāraṇā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • cāpi -
  • cāpin (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    cāpin (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    cāpī (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    cāpī (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb], [vocative single]
    cāpī (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    cāpi (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    cāpi (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    cāpi (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • vedādhyayanam -
  • vedādhyayana (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • durātmanaḥ -
  • durātman (noun, masculine)
    [accusative plural], [ablative single], [genitive single]
    durātman (noun, neuter)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
  • Line 2: “svabhāva evātra tathātiricyate yathā prakṛtyā madhuraṃ gavāṃ payaḥ
  • svabhāva* -
  • svabhāva (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • evāt -
  • eva (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
    eva (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
  • ra -
  • ra (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ra (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • tathā -
  • tathā (indeclinable correlative)
    [indeclinable correlative]
    tathā (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    tatha (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    tatha (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    tathā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • āti -
  • āti (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    āti (Preverb)
    [Preverb]
  • ricyate -
  • ric (verb class 1)
    [present passive third single]
    ric (verb class 4)
    [present middle third single], [present passive third single]
    ric (verb class 7)
    [present passive third single]
  • yathā -
  • yathā (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    yathā (indeclinable relative)
    [indeclinable relative]
    yathā (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • prakṛtyā* -
  • prakṛti (noun, feminine)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
  • madhuram -
  • madhuram (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    madhura (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    madhura (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    madhurā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • gavām -
  • go (noun, masculine)
    [genitive plural]
    gavā (noun, feminine)
    [accusative single]
  • payaḥ -
  • payas (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    paya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 1.17

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 1.17 in Gujarati sript:
ન ધર્મ-શાસ્ત્રં પઠતીતિ કારણં ન ચાપિ વેદાધ્યયનં દુરાત્મનઃ ।
સ્વભાવ એવાત્ર તથાતિરિચ્યતે યથા પ્રકૃત્યા મધુરં ગવાં પયઃ ॥ ૧૭ ॥

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