Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 2.142

नृपः कामासक्तो गणयति न कार्ये न च हितं यथेष्टं स्वच्छन्दः प्रविचरति मत्तो गज इव ।
ततो मान-ध्मातः स पतति यदा शोक-गहने तदा भृत्ये दोषान् क्षिपति न निजं वेत्त्य् अविनयम् ॥ १४२ ॥

nṛpaḥ kāmāsakto gaṇayati na kārye na ca hitaṃ yatheṣṭaṃ svacchandaḥ pravicarati matto gaja iva |
tato māna-dhmātaḥ sa patati yadā śoka-gahane tadā bhṛtye doṣān kṣipati na nijaṃ vetty avinayam || 142 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 2.142 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (2.142). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Nripa, Kamasakta, Karya, Hita, Yatheshta, Svacchanda, Matta, Gaja, Iva, Tatah, Tad, Tata, Mana, Dhmatri, Dhmata, Patat, Yada, Yad, Shoka, Gahana, Tada, Bhritya, Bhriti, Dosha, Kshipat, Nija, Avinaya,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 2.142). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “nṛpaḥ kāmāsakto gaṇayati na kārye na ca hitaṃ yatheṣṭaṃ svacchandaḥ pravicarati matto gaja iva
  • nṛpaḥ -
  • nṛpa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • kāmāsakto* -
  • kāmāsakta (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • gaṇayati -
  • gaṇ (verb class 10)
    [present active third single]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • kārye -
  • kārya (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    kārya (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    kāryā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    kṛ -> kārya (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [locative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [locative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [locative single from √kṛ class 8 verb], [locative single from √kṛ]
    kṛ -> kārya (participle, neuter)
    [nominative dual from √kṛ class 1 verb], [vocative dual from √kṛ class 1 verb], [accusative dual from √kṛ class 1 verb], [locative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [nominative dual from √kṛ class 2 verb], [vocative dual from √kṛ class 2 verb], [accusative dual from √kṛ class 2 verb], [locative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [nominative dual from √kṛ class 5 verb], [vocative dual from √kṛ class 5 verb], [accusative dual from √kṛ class 5 verb], [locative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [nominative dual from √kṛ class 8 verb], [vocative dual from √kṛ class 8 verb], [accusative dual from √kṛ class 8 verb], [locative single from √kṛ class 8 verb], [nominative dual from √kṛ], [vocative dual from √kṛ], [accusative dual from √kṛ], [locative single from √kṛ]
    kṛ -> kāryā (participle, feminine)
    [nominative dual from √kṛ class 1 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 1 verb], [vocative dual from √kṛ class 1 verb], [accusative dual from √kṛ class 1 verb], [nominative dual from √kṛ class 2 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 2 verb], [vocative dual from √kṛ class 2 verb], [accusative dual from √kṛ class 2 verb], [nominative dual from √kṛ class 5 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 5 verb], [vocative dual from √kṛ class 5 verb], [accusative dual from √kṛ class 5 verb], [nominative dual from √kṛ class 8 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 8 verb], [vocative dual from √kṛ class 8 verb], [accusative dual from √kṛ class 8 verb], [nominative dual from √kṛ], [vocative single from √kṛ], [vocative dual from √kṛ], [accusative dual from √kṛ]
    kṛ -> kārya (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √kṛ class 3 verb], [locative single from √kṛ class 6 verb]
    kṛ -> kārya (participle, neuter)
    [nominative dual from √kṛ class 3 verb], [vocative dual from √kṛ class 3 verb], [accusative dual from √kṛ class 3 verb], [locative single from √kṛ class 3 verb], [nominative dual from √kṛ class 6 verb], [vocative dual from √kṛ class 6 verb], [accusative dual from √kṛ class 6 verb], [locative single from √kṛ class 6 verb]
    kṛ -> kāryā (participle, feminine)
    [nominative dual from √kṛ class 3 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 3 verb], [vocative dual from √kṛ class 3 verb], [accusative dual from √kṛ class 3 verb], [nominative dual from √kṛ class 6 verb], [vocative single from √kṛ class 6 verb], [vocative dual from √kṛ class 6 verb], [accusative dual from √kṛ class 6 verb]
    kṝ -> kārya (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √kṝ class 5 verb], [locative single from √kṝ class 9 verb]
    kṝ -> kārya (participle, neuter)
    [nominative dual from √kṝ class 5 verb], [vocative dual from √kṝ class 5 verb], [accusative dual from √kṝ class 5 verb], [locative single from √kṝ class 5 verb], [nominative dual from √kṝ class 9 verb], [vocative dual from √kṝ class 9 verb], [accusative dual from √kṝ class 9 verb], [locative single from √kṝ class 9 verb]
    kṝ -> kāryā (participle, feminine)
    [nominative dual from √kṝ class 5 verb], [vocative single from √kṝ class 5 verb], [vocative dual from √kṝ class 5 verb], [accusative dual from √kṝ class 5 verb], [nominative dual from √kṝ class 9 verb], [vocative single from √kṝ class 9 verb], [vocative dual from √kṝ class 9 verb], [accusative dual from √kṝ class 9 verb]
    kṛ (verb class 0)
    [present passive first single]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • hitam -
  • hita (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    hita (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    hitā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    hi -> hita (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √hi class 5 verb]
    hi -> hita (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √hi class 5 verb], [accusative single from √hi class 5 verb]
  • yatheṣṭam -
  • yatheṣṭa (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    yatheṣṭa (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    yatheṣṭā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • svacchandaḥ -
  • svacchanda (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • pravi -
  • pravi (Preverb)
    [Preverb]
  • carati -
  • car (verb class 1)
    [present active third single]
  • matto* -
  • matta (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    mad -> matta (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √mad class 1 verb], [nominative single from √mad class 3 verb], [nominative single from √mad class 4 verb]
  • gaja* -
  • gaja (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • iva -
  • iva (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    iva (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • Line 2: “tato māna-dhmātaḥ sa patati yadā śoka-gahane tadā bhṛtye doṣān kṣipati na nijaṃ vetty avinayam
  • tato* -
  • tataḥ (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    tataḥ (indeclinable correlative)
    [indeclinable correlative]
    tataḥ (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [ablative single], [ablative dual], [ablative plural]
    tata (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    tan -> tata (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √tan class 8 verb]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [ablative single], [ablative dual], [ablative plural]
    (noun, feminine)
    [ablative single], [ablative dual], [ablative plural]
  • māna -
  • māna (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    māna (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    man -> māna (participle, masculine)
    [vocative single from √man class 4 verb], [vocative single from √man class 8 verb]
    man -> māna (participle, neuter)
    [vocative single from √man class 4 verb], [vocative single from √man class 8 verb]
    mān (verb class 1)
    [imperative active second single]
  • dhmātaḥ -
  • dhmātṛ (noun, masculine)
    [vocative single]
    dhmāta (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    dhmā (verb class 1)
    [present active third dual]
  • sa -
  • sa (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • patati -
  • patat (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    patat (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
    pat -> patat (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √pat class 1 verb]
    pat -> patat (participle, neuter)
    [locative single from √pat class 1 verb]
    pat (verb class 1)
    [present active third single]
  • yadā -
  • yadā (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    yadā (indeclinable relative)
    [indeclinable relative]
    yadā (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    yad (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
  • śoka -
  • śoka (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    śoka (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    śuk (verb class 1)
    [imperative active second single]
  • gahane -
  • gahana (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    gahana (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    gahanā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
  • tadā* -
  • tadā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
    tada (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
  • bhṛtye -
  • bhṛtya (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    bhṛtya (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    bhṛtyā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    bhṛtī (noun, masculine)
    [dative single]
  • doṣān -
  • doṣa (noun, masculine)
    [accusative plural]
  • kṣipati -
  • kṣip -> kṣipat (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √kṣip class 6 verb]
    kṣip -> kṣipat (participle, neuter)
    [locative single from √kṣip class 6 verb]
    kṣip (verb class 6)
    [present active third single]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • nijam -
  • nija (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    nija (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    nijā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • Cannot analyse vetty*av
  • avinayam -
  • avinaya (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    avinaya (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    avinayā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 2.142

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 2.142 in Gujarati sript:
નૃપઃ કામાસક્તો ગણયતિ ન કાર્યે ન ચ હિતં યથેષ્ટં સ્વચ્છન્દઃ પ્રવિચરતિ મત્તો ગજ ઇવ ।
તતો માન-ધ્માતઃ સ પતતિ યદા શોક-ગહને તદા ભૃત્યે દોષાન્ ક્ષિપતિ ન નિજં વેત્ત્ય્ અવિનયમ્ ॥ ૧૪૨ ॥

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