Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

स्वल्प-स्नायु-वसावशेष-मलिनं निर्मांसम् अप्य् अस्थिकं श्वा लब्ध्वा परितोषम् एति न भवेत् तस्य क्षुधः शान्तये ।
सिंहो जम्बुकम् अङ्कम् आगतम् अपि त्यक्त्वा निहन्ति द्विपं सर्वः कृच्छ्र-गतो ऽपि वाञ्छति जनः सत्त्वानुरूपं फलम् ॥ ४१ ॥

svalpa-snāyu-vasāvaśeṣa-malinaṃ nirmāṃsam apy asthikaṃ śvā labdhvā paritoṣam eti na bhavet tasya kṣudhaḥ śāntaye |
siṃho jambukam aṅkam āgatam api tyaktvā nihanti dvipaṃ sarvaḥ kṛcchra-gato 'pi vāñchati janaḥ sattvānurūpaṃ phalam || 41 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 2.41 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (2.41). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Svalpa, Snayu, Vasa, Vasi, Vasu, Ashesha, Malina, Malin, Nirmamsa, Asthika, Shvan, Paritosha, Tad, Kshudh, Kshudha, Shanti, Simha, Jambuka, Anka, Agata, Api, Nihanti, Dvipa, Sarva, Kricchra, Gat, Gata, Vanchat, Jana, Janas, Sattvanurupa, Phala,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 2.41). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “svalpa-snāyu-vasāvaśeṣa-malinaṃ nirmāṃsam apy asthikaṃ śvā labdhvā paritoṣam eti na bhavet tasya kṣudhaḥ śāntaye
  • svalpa -
  • svalpa (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    svalpa (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • snāyu -
  • snāyu (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    snāyu (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • vasāva -
  • vasa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    vasi (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    vasu (noun, feminine)
    [locative single]
    vasu (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    vas (verb class 1)
    [imperative active first dual]
  • aśeṣa -
  • aśeṣa (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    aśeṣa (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • malinam -
  • malina (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    malina (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    malinā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    malin (noun, masculine)
    [accusative single]
  • nirmāṃsam -
  • nirmāṃsa (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    nirmāṃsa (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    nirmāṃsā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • Cannot analyse apy*as
  • asthikam -
  • asthika (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • śvā -
  • śvan (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • labdhvā -
  • labh -> labdhvā (absolutive)
    [absolutive from √labh]
  • paritoṣam -
  • paritoṣa (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
  • eti -
  • eti (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    i (verb class 2)
    [present active third single]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • bhavet -
  • bhū (verb class 1)
    [optative active third single]
  • tasya -
  • tas -> tasya (absolutive)
    [absolutive from √tas]
    ta (noun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    ta (noun, neuter)
    [genitive single]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [genitive single]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    tas (verb class 4)
    [imperative active second single]
  • kṣudhaḥ -
  • kṣudh (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural], [ablative single], [genitive single]
    kṣudha (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • śāntaye -
  • śānti (noun, feminine)
    [dative single]
    śānti (noun, masculine)
    [dative single]
  • Line 2: “siṃho jambukam aṅkam āgatam api tyaktvā nihanti dvipaṃ sarvaḥ kṛcchra-gato 'pi vāñchati janaḥ sattvānurūpaṃ phalam
  • siṃho* -
  • siṃha (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • jambukam -
  • jambuka (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    jambukā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • aṅkam -
  • aṅka (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    aṅka (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • āgatam -
  • āgata (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    āgata (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    āgatā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    ag (verb class 1)
    [imperfect active second dual]
  • api -
  • api (indeclinable preposition)
    [indeclinable preposition]
    ap (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
  • tyaktvā -
  • tyaj -> tyaktvā (absolutive)
    [absolutive from √tyaj]
  • nihanti -
  • nihanti (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    nihanti (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    nihanti (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • dvipam -
  • dvipa (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
  • sarvaḥ -
  • sarva (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • kṛcchra -
  • kṛcchra (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    kṛcchra (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • gato' -
  • gat (noun, masculine)
    [accusative plural], [ablative single], [genitive single]
    gat (noun, neuter)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
    gata (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • api -
  • api (indeclinable preposition)
    [indeclinable preposition]
    ap (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
    api (Preverb)
    [Preverb]
  • vāñchati -
  • vāñch -> vāñchat (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √vāñch class 1 verb]
    vāñch -> vāñchat (participle, neuter)
    [locative single from √vāñch class 1 verb]
    vāñch (verb class 1)
    [present active third single]
  • janaḥ -
  • janas (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    jana (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • sattvānurūpam -
  • sattvānurūpa (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    sattvānurūpa (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    sattvānurūpā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • phalam -
  • phala (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    phala (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    phalā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 2.41

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 2.41 in Gujarati sript:
સ્વલ્પ-સ્નાયુ-વસાવશેષ-મલિનં નિર્માંસમ્ અપ્ય્ અસ્થિકં શ્વા લબ્ધ્વા પરિતોષમ્ એતિ ન ભવેત્ તસ્ય ક્ષુધઃ શાન્તયે ।
સિંહો જમ્બુકમ્ અઙ્કમ્ આગતમ્ અપિ ત્યક્ત્વા નિહન્તિ દ્વિપં સર્વઃ કૃચ્છ્ર-ગતો ઽપિ વાઞ્છતિ જનઃ સત્ત્વાનુરૂપં ફલમ્ ॥ ૪૧ ॥

Like what you read? Consider supporting this website: