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Hitopadesha [sanskrit]
8,857 words
The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.
Verse 0.13
अजात-मृत-मूर्खाणां वरम् आद्यौ न चान्तिमः ।
सकृद् दुःख-कराव् आद्याव् अन्तिमस् तु पदे पदे ॥ १३ ॥
ajāta-mṛta-mūrkhāṇāṃ varam ādyau na cāntimaḥ |
sakṛd duḥkha-karāv ādyāv antimas tu pade pade || 13 ||
The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 0.13 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:
Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)
Glossary of Sanskrit terms
Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (0.13). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.
Ajata, Mrita, Murkha, Varam, Vara, Adya, Tima, Sakrit, Duhkha, Antima, Pada, Padi, Pad,
Analysis of Sanskrit grammar
Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 0.13). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.
- Line 1: “ajāta-mṛta-mūrkhāṇāṃ varam ādyau na cāntimaḥ ”
- ajāta -
-
ajāta (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]ajāta (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- mṛta -
-
mṛta (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]mṛta (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]√mṛ -> mṛta (participle, masculine)[vocative single from √mṛ class 1 verb], [vocative single from √mṛ class 6 verb]√mṛ -> mṛta (participle, neuter)[vocative single from √mṛ class 1 verb], [vocative single from √mṛ class 6 verb]
- mūrkhāṇām -
-
mūrkha (noun, masculine)[genitive plural]mūrkha (noun, neuter)[genitive plural]mūrkhā (noun, feminine)[genitive plural]
- varam -
-
varam (indeclinable)[indeclinable]vara (noun, masculine)[adverb], [accusative single]vara (noun, neuter)[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]varā (noun, feminine)[adverb]
- ādyau -
-
ādya (noun, masculine)[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]√ad -> ādya (participle, masculine)[nominative dual from √ad], [vocative dual from √ad], [accusative dual from √ad]
- na -
-
na (indeclinable particle)[indeclinable particle]na (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]na (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- cān -
-
ca (noun, masculine)[accusative plural]
- timaḥ -
-
tima (noun, masculine)[nominative single]
- Line 2: “sakṛd duḥkha-karāv ādyāv antimas tu pade pade ”
- sakṛd -
-
sakṛt (indeclinable)[indeclinable]sakṛt (indeclinable adverb)[indeclinable adverb]sakṛt (noun, masculine)[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]sakṛt (noun, neuter)[compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
- duḥkha -
-
duḥkha (noun, masculine)[compound], [vocative single]duḥkha (noun, neuter)[compound], [vocative single]
- Cannot analyse karāv*ād
- Cannot analyse ādyāv*an
- antimas -
-
antima (noun, masculine)[nominative single]
- tu -
-
tu (indeclinable particle)[indeclinable particle]
- pade -
-
pada (noun, neuter)[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]padi (noun, masculine)[vocative single]pad (noun, masculine)[dative single]√pad (verb class 1)[present middle first single]
- pade -
-
pada (noun, neuter)[nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]padi (noun, masculine)[vocative single]pad (noun, masculine)[dative single]√pad (verb class 1)[present middle first single]
Other editions:
Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 0.13
The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)
Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Buy now!
Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)
[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad
Buy now!Preview of verse 0.13 in Gujarati sript:
અજાત-મૃત-મૂર્ખાણાં વરમ્ આદ્યૌ ન ચાન્તિમઃ ।
સકૃદ્ દુઃખ-કરાવ્ આદ્યાવ્ અન્તિમસ્ તુ પદે પદે ॥ ૧૩ ॥