Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 0.12

को ऽर्थः पुत्रेण जातेन यो न विद्वान् न धार्मिकः ।
काणेन चक्षुषा किं वा चक्षुः पीडैव केवलम् ॥ १२ ॥

ko 'rthaḥ putreṇa jātena yo na vidvān na dhārmikaḥ |
kāṇena cakṣuṣā kiṃ vā cakṣuḥ pīḍaiva kevalam || 12 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 0.12 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (0.12). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Kah, Artha, Putra, Jata, Yah, Vidvas, Dharmika, Kana, Cakshusha, Cakshus, Kim, Cakshu, Pida, Kevalam, Kevala,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 0.12). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “ko 'rthaḥ putreṇa jātena yo na vidvān na dhārmikaḥ
  • ko' -
  • kaḥ (indeclinable interrogative)
    [indeclinable interrogative]
    ku (noun, feminine)
    [vocative single]
    ka (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    kaḥ (pronoun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • arthaḥ -
  • artha (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • putreṇa -
  • putra (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    putra (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
  • jātena -
  • jāta (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    jāta (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
    jan -> jāta (participle, masculine)
    [instrumental single from √jan class 1 verb], [instrumental single from √jan class 2 verb], [instrumental single from √jan class 3 verb], [instrumental single from √jan class 4 verb]
    jan -> jāta (participle, neuter)
    [instrumental single from √jan class 1 verb], [instrumental single from √jan class 2 verb], [instrumental single from √jan class 3 verb], [instrumental single from √jan class 4 verb]
  • yo* -
  • yaḥ (indeclinable relative)
    [indeclinable relative]
    ya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    yaḥ (pronoun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • vidvān -
  • vidvas (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    vid -> vidvas (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √vid class 2 verb]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • dhārmikaḥ -
  • dhārmika (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • Line 2: “kāṇena cakṣuṣā kiṃ cakṣuḥ pīḍaiva kevalam
  • kāṇena -
  • kāṇa (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    kāṇa (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
  • cakṣuṣā -
  • cakṣuṣā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    cakṣus (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
    cakṣus (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental single]
  • kim -
  • kim (indeclinable interrogative)
    [indeclinable interrogative]
    kim (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    kim (pronoun, neuter)
    [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • -
  • (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    (verb class 1)
    [imperative active second single]
  • cakṣuḥ -
  • cakṣus (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]
    cakṣus (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    cakṣu (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    kṣai (verb class 1)
    [perfect active third plural]
  • pīḍai -
  • pīḍa (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    pīḍā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
  • aiva -
  • i (verb class 2)
    [imperfect active first dual]
  • kevalam -
  • kevalam (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    kevala (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    kevala (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    kevalā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 0.12

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 0.12 in Gujarati sript:
કો ઽર્થઃ પુત્રેણ જાતેન યો ન વિદ્વાન્ ન ધાર્મિકઃ ।
કાણેન ચક્ષુષા કિં વા ચક્ષુઃ પીડૈવ કેવલમ્ ॥ ૧૨ ॥

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