Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

आसन्नम् एव नृपतिर् भजते मनुष्यं विद्या-विहीनम् अकुलीनम् असंस्तुतं वा ।
प्रायेण भूमि-पतयः प्रमदा-लताश् च यः पार्श्वतो वसति तं परिवेष्टयन्ति ॥ ५८ ॥

āsannam eva nṛpatir bhajate manuṣyaṃ vidyā-vihīnam akulīnam asaṃstutaṃ vā |
prāyeṇa bhūmi-patayaḥ pramadā-latāś ca yaḥ pārśvato vasati taṃ pariveṣṭayanti || 58 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 2.58 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (2.58). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Asanna, Eva, Nripati, Manushya, Vidya, Vihina, Akulina, Asamstuta, Prayena, Praya, Bhumi, Pati, Pataya, Pramada, Lata, Yah, Parshvatah, Vasati, Vasat, Parivan, Ishta, Yat,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 2.58). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “āsannam eva nṛpatir bhajate manuṣyaṃ vidyā-vihīnam akulīnam asaṃstutaṃ
  • āsannam -
  • āsanna (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    āsanna (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    āsannā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • eva -
  • eva (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    eva (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    eva (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • nṛpatir -
  • nṛpati (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • bhajate -
  • bhaj (verb class 1)
    [present middle third single]
  • manuṣyam -
  • manuṣya (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    manuṣya (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    manuṣyā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • vidyā* -
  • vidyā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
    vid (verb class 2)
    [optative active second single]
  • vihīnam -
  • vihīna (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    vihīna (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    vihīnā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • akulīnam -
  • akulīna (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    akulīna (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    akulīnā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • asaṃstutam -
  • asaṃstuta (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    asaṃstuta (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    asaṃstutā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • -
  • (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative single]
    (verb class 1)
    [imperative active second single]
  • Line 2: “prāyeṇa bhūmi-patayaḥ pramadā-latāś ca yaḥ pārśvato vasati taṃ pariveṣṭayanti
  • prāyeṇa -
  • prāyeṇa (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    prāya (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental single]
  • bhūmi -
  • bhūmi (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    bhūmi (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    bhūmī (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    bhūmī (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb], [vocative single]
    bhūmī (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
  • patayaḥ -
  • pati (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    pati (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    pataya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • pramadā* -
  • pramada (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    pramadā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • latāś -
  • latā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • ca -
  • ca (indeclinable conjunction)
    [indeclinable conjunction]
    ca (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    ca (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • yaḥ -
  • yaḥ (indeclinable relative)
    [indeclinable relative]
    ya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    yaḥ (pronoun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • pārśvato* -
  • pārśvataḥ (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
  • vasati -
  • vasati (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    vasati (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    vasati (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    vasatī (noun, feminine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    vas -> vasat (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √vas class 1 verb]
    vas -> vasat (participle, neuter)
    [locative single from √vas class 1 verb]
    vas (verb class 1)
    [present active third single]
  • tam -
  • ta (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    ta (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    tan (noun, masculine)
    [adverb]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [accusative single]
  • parive -
  • parivan (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [nominative single]
    parivan (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • iṣṭa -
  • iṣṭa (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    iṣṭa (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    iṣ -> iṣṭa (participle, masculine)
    [vocative single from √iṣ class 6 verb]
    iṣ -> iṣṭa (participle, neuter)
    [vocative single from √iṣ class 6 verb]
    yaj -> iṣṭa (participle, masculine)
    [vocative single from √yaj class 1 verb]
    yaj -> iṣṭa (participle, neuter)
    [vocative single from √yaj class 1 verb]
  • yanti -
  • yanti (noun, feminine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    yat (noun, neuter)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
    i -> yat (participle, neuter)
    [nominative plural from √i class 2 verb], [vocative plural from √i class 2 verb], [accusative plural from √i class 2 verb]
    i (verb class 2)
    [present active third plural]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 2.58

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 2.58 in Gujarati sript:
આસન્નમ્ એવ નૃપતિર્ ભજતે મનુષ્યં વિદ્યા-વિહીનમ્ અકુલીનમ્ અસંસ્તુતં વા ।
પ્રાયેણ ભૂમિ-પતયઃ પ્રમદા-લતાશ્ ચ યઃ પાર્શ્વતો વસતિ તં પરિવેષ્ટયન્તિ ॥ ૫૮ ॥

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