Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 4.5

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रक्षितव्यं सदा वाक्यं वाक्याद् भवति नाशनम् ।
हंसाभ्यां नीयमानस्य कूर्मस्य पतनं यथा ॥ ५ ॥

rakṣitavyaṃ sadā vākyaṃ vākyād bhavati nāśanam |
haṃsābhyāṃ nīyamānasya kūrmasya patanaṃ yathā || 5 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 4.5 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:
Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (4.5). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Rakshitavya, Sada, Vakya, Bhavati, Bhavat, Bhavant, Nashana, Hamsa, Niyamana, Kurma, Patana, Yatha,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 4.5). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

Line 1: “rakṣitavyaṃ sadā vākyaṃ vākyād bhavati nāśanam ”
rakṣitavyam -
rakṣitavya (noun, masculine)

[adverb], [accusative single]

rakṣitavya (noun, neuter)

[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]

rakṣitavyā (noun, feminine)

[adverb]

√rakṣ -> rakṣitavya (participle, masculine)

[accusative single from √rakṣ class 1 verb]

√rakṣ -> rakṣitavya (participle, neuter)

[nominative single from √rakṣ class 1 verb], [accusative single from √rakṣ class 1 verb]
sadā* -
sada (noun, masculine)

[nominative plural], [vocative plural]

sadā (noun, feminine)

[nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
vākyam -
vākya (noun, neuter)

[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]

√vac -> vākya (participle, masculine)

[accusative single from √vac class 2 verb], [accusative single from √vac class 3 verb]

√vac -> vākya (participle, neuter)

[nominative single from √vac class 2 verb], [accusative single from √vac class 2 verb], [nominative single from √vac class 3 verb], [accusative single from √vac class 3 verb]

√vak -> vākya (participle, masculine)

[accusative single from √vak class 1 verb]

√vak -> vākya (participle, neuter)

[nominative single from √vak class 1 verb], [accusative single from √vak class 1 verb]
vākyād -
vākya (noun, neuter)

[adverb], [ablative single]

√vac -> vākya (participle, masculine)

[ablative single from √vac class 2 verb], [ablative single from √vac class 3 verb]

√vac -> vākya (participle, neuter)

[ablative single from √vac class 2 verb], [ablative single from √vac class 3 verb]

√vak -> vākya (participle, masculine)

[ablative single from √vak class 1 verb]

√vak -> vākya (participle, neuter)

[ablative single from √vak class 1 verb]
bhavati -
bhavatī (noun, feminine)

[adverb], [vocative single]

bhavat (noun, masculine)

[locative single]

bhavat (noun, neuter)

[locative single]

bhavant (pronoun, masculine)

[locative single]

bhavant (pronoun, neuter)

[locative single]

√bhū (verb class 1)

[present active third single]
nāśanam -
nāśana (noun, masculine)

[adverb], [accusative single]

nāśana (noun, neuter)

[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
Line 2: “haṃsābhyāṃ nīyamānasya kūrmasya patanaṃ yathā ”
haṃsābhyām -
haṃsa (noun, masculine)

[instrumental dual], [dative dual], [ablative dual]

haṃsā (noun, feminine)

[instrumental dual], [dative dual], [ablative dual]
nīyamānasya -
√nī -> nīyamāna (participle, masculine)

[genitive single from √nī class 1 verb]

√nī -> nīyamāna (participle, neuter)

[genitive single from √nī class 1 verb]
kūrmasya -
kūrma (noun, masculine)

[genitive single]
patanam -
patana (noun, masculine)

[adverb], [accusative single]

patana (noun, neuter)

[adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]

patanā (noun, feminine)

[adverb]
yathā -
yathā (indeclinable adverb)

[indeclinable adverb]

yathā (indeclinable relative)

[indeclinable relative]

yathā (indeclinable)

[indeclinable]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 4.5

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 4.5 in Gujarati sript:
રક્ષિતવ્યં સદા વાક્યં વાક્યાદ્ ભવતિ નાશનમ્ ।
હંસાભ્યાં નીયમાનસ્ય કૂર્મસ્ય પતનં યથા ॥ ૫ ॥

Last Updated: 28 April, 2019