Bhagavad-gita with four Commentaries [sanskrit]

140,673 words | ISBN-10: 8189564072 | ISBN-13: 9788189564070

The Sanskrit edition of the Bhagavad Gita with four commentaries: (1) The Subodhini by Shridhara (Sridhara Swami), (2) The Gudharthadipika by Madhusudana (Saraswati), (3) The Sararthavarshini by Vishvanatha (Vishwanath Chakravarti) and (4) The Gitabhushana by Baladeva (Vidyabhushan). Original titles: Bhagavadgītā (भगवद्गीता), Śrīdhara (श्रीधर), Madhusūdana (मधुसूदन), Viśvanātha (विश्वनाथ), Baladeva (बलदेव)

Verse 18.55

bhaktyā māmabhijānāti yāvān yaścāsmi tattvataḥ |
tato māṃ tattvato jñātvā viśate tadanantaram ||55||

The Subodhinī commentary by Śrīdhara

tataśca bhaktyeti | tathā ca parayā bhaktyā tattvato māmabhijānāti | kathambhūtam, yāvān sarvavyāpī yaścāsmi saccidānandaghanastathābhutam | tataśca māmevaṃ tattvato jñātvā tadanantaraṃ tasya jñānasya uparame sati māṃ viśate paramānandarūpo bhavatītyarthaḥ ||55||

The Sārārthavarṣiṇī commentary by Viśvanātha

nanu tayā labdhayā bhaktyā tadānīṃ tasya kiṃ syādityato'rthāntranyāsenāha bhaktyeti | ahaṃ yāvān yaścāsmi taṃ māṃ tatpadārthaṃ jñānī nānāvidho bhakto bhaktyaiva tattvato'bhijānāti | bhaktyāhamekayā grāhyaḥ iti madukteḥ (BhP 11.14.11) | yasmādevaṃ tasmātprastutaḥ sa jñānī tatastayā bhaktyaiva tadanantaraṃ vidyoparamāduttarakāla eva māṃ jñātvā māṃ viśati matsāyujyasukhamanubhavati | mama māyātītatvādavidyāyāśca māyātvādvidyayāpyahamavagamya[*ENDNOTE] iti bhāvaḥ |

yattu sāṅkhyayogau ca vairāgyaṃ tapo bhaktiśca keśave | pañcaparvaiva vidyā iti nāradapañcarātre vidyāvṛttitvena bhaktiḥ śrūyate | tatkhalu hlādinīśaktivṛtterbhaktereva kalā kācidvidyāsāphalyārthaṃ vidyāyāṃ praviṣṭā | karmasāphalyārthaṃ karmayoge'pi praviśati | tayā vinā karmajñānayogādī
nāṃ śramamātratvokteḥ | yato nirguṇā bhaktiḥ sadguṇamayyā vidyāyā vṛttirvastuto na bhavati, ato hyajñānanivartakatvenaiva vidyāyāḥ kāraṇatvaṃ tatpadārthajñāne tu bhaktereva |

kiṃ ca sattvātsañjāyate jñānamiti smṛteḥ (Gītā 14.17) sattvajaṃ jñānaṃ sattvameva | tacca sattvaṃ vidyāśabdenocyate yathā tathā bhaktyutthaṃ jñānaṃ bhaktireva saiva kvacitbhaktiśabdena kvacitjñānaśabdena cocyata iti jñānamapi dvividhaṃ draṣṭavyam | tatra prathamaṃ jñānaṃ saṃnyasya dvitīyena jñānena brahmasāyujyamāpnuyādityekādaśaskandhapañcaviṃśatyadhyāyadṛṣṭyāpi[*ENDNOTE] jñeyam | atra kecidbhaktyā vinaiva kevalenaiva jñānena sāyujyārthinaste jñānimāninaḥ kleśamātraphalā ativigītā eva | anye tu bhaktyā vinā kevalena jñānena na muktiriti jñātvā bhaktimiśrameva jñānamabhasyanto bhagavāṃstu māyopādhireveti bhagavadvapurguṇamayaṃ
manyamānā yogārūḍhatvadaśāmapi prāptāste'pi jñānino vimuktamānino vigītā eva | yaduktam

mukhabāhūrupādebhyaḥ
puruṣasyāśramaiḥ saha |
catvāro jajñire varṇā
guṇairviprādayaḥ pṛthak || (BhP 11.5.2)

ya evaṃ puruṣaṃ sākṣād
ātmaprabhavamīśvaram |
na bhajantyavajānanti
sthānādbhraṣṭāḥ patantyadhaḥ || (BhP 11.5.3) iti |

asyārthaḥ ye na bhajanti ye ca bhajanto'pyavajānanti te sannyāsino'pi vinaṣṭavidyā apyadhaḥ patanti | tathā ca hyuktam

ye'nye'ravindākṣa vimuktamāninas
tvayyastabhāvādaviśuddhabuddhayaḥ |
āruhya kṛcchreṇa paraṃ padaṃ tataḥ
patantyadho'nādṛtayuṣmadaṅghrayaḥ || (BhP 10.2.32) iti |

atra āṅghripadaṃ bhaktyaiva prayuktaṃ vivakṣitam | anādṛtayuṣmadaṅghraya iti tanorguṇamayatvabuddhireva tanoranādaraḥ | yaduktaṃ

avajānanti māṃ mūḍhā
mānuṣīṃ tanumāśritam | (Gītā 9.11) iti |

vastutastu mānuṣī tanuḥ saccidānandamapyeva | tasyāḥ dṛśyatvaṃ tu dustarkyatadīyakṛpāśaktiprabhāvādeva | yaduktaṃ nārāyaṇādhyātmavacanam

nityāvyakto'pi bhagavān
īkṣ(y)ate nijaśaktitaḥ |
tāmṛte paramānandaṃ
kaḥ paśyettamimaṃ prabhum || iti |

evaṃ ca bhagavattanoḥ saccidānandamayatve kptaṃ saccidānandavigrahaṃ śrīvṛndāvanasurabhūruhatalāsīnamiti (GTU 1.33) | śābdaṃ brahma vapurdadhatityādi śrutiḥsmṛtiparasahasravacaneṣu pramāṇeṣu satsvapi māyāṃ tu prakṛtiṃ vidyānmāyinaṃ tu maheśvaramiti (ŚvetU 4.2) iti śrutidṛṣṭyaiva bhagavānapi māyopādhiriti manyante kintu svarūpabhūtayā nityaśaktyā māyākhyayā yutaḥ | ato māyamayaṃ viṣṇuṃ pravadanti sanātanamiti mādhvabhāṣyapramāṇitaśruteḥ | māyāṃ tvityatra māyāśabdena svarūpabhūtā cicchaktirevābhidhīyate na tvasvarūpabhūtā triguṇamayyeva śaktiriti tasyāḥ śruterarthaṃ
na manyante | yadvā prakṛtiṃ durgāṃ māyinaṃ tu maheśvaraṃ śambhuṃ vidyādityarthamapi naiva manyante |

ato bhagavadaparādhena jīvanmuktvadaśāṃ prāptā api te'dhaḥ patanti | yaduktaṃ vāsanābhāṣyadhṛtaṃ pariśiṣṭavacanam |

jīvanmuktā api punar
yānti saṃsāravāsanām |
yadyacintyamahāśaktau
bhagavatyaparādhinaḥ || iti |

te ca phalaprāptau satyāmarthātnāsti sādhanopayoga iti matvā jñānasannyāsakāle jñānaṃ tatra guṇībhūtāṃ bhaktimapi santyajya, mithyaivāparokṣānubhavaṃ tvasya manyante | śrīvigrahāparādhena bhaktyā api jñānena sārdhamantardhānādbhaktiṃ te punarnaiva labhante | bhaktyā vinā ca tatpadārthānanubhāvānmṛṣāsamādhayo jīvanmuktamānina eva te jñeyāḥ | yaduktam ye'nye'ravindākṣa vimuktamāninaḥ iti |

ye tu bhaktimiśraṃ jñānamabhyasyanto bhagavanmūrtiṃ saccidānandamayīmeva mānayānāḥ krameṇāvidyāvidyayoruparāme parāṃ bhaktiṃ labhante | te jīvanmuktā dvividhāḥ | eke sāyujyārthaṃ bhaktiṃ kurvantastayaiva tatpadārthamaparokṣīkṛtya tasmin sāyujyaṃ labhante te saṅgītā eva | apare bhūribhāgā yādṛcchikaśāntamahābhāgavatasaṅgaprabhāvena tyaktamumukṣāḥ śukādivadbhaktirasamādhuryāsvāda eva nimajjanti, te tu paramasaṅgītā eva | yaduktam

ātmārāmāśca munayo
nirgranthā apyurukrame
kurvantyahaitukīṃ bhaktim
itthambhūtaguṇo hariḥ || (BhP 1.7.10) iti |

tadevaṃ caturvidhā jñānino dvaye vigītāḥ patanti, dvaye saṅgītāstaranti saṃsāramiti ||55||

The Gītābhūṣaṇa commentary by Baladeva

tataḥ kiṃ tadāha bhaktyeti | svarūpato guṇataśca yo'haṃ vibhūtitaśca yāvānahamasmi taṃ māṃ parayā madbhaktyā tattvabhijānātyanubhavati | tato matparamabhaktito hetoruktalakṣaṇaṃ māṃ tattvato yāthātmyena jñātvānubhūya tadanantaraṃ tata eva hetormāṃ viśate mayā saha yujyate | puraṃ praviśati ityatra purasaṃyoga eva pratīyate na tu purātmakatvam |

atra tattvato'bhijñāne praveśe ca bhaktireva heturukto bodhyaḥ | bhaktyā tvananyayā śakyaḥ ity(Gītā 11.54) ādi pūrvokteḥ | tadanantaramiti matsvarūpaguṇavibhūtitāttvikānubhavāduttarasmin kāle ityarthaḥ | yadvā, parayā bhaktyā māṃ tattvato jñātvā tatastāṃ bhaktimādāyaiva māṃ viśate | lyablope karmaṇi pañcamī | mokṣe'pi bhaktirastītyāha sūtrakṛtāprāyaṇāttatrāpi hi dṛṣṭamiti (Vs 4.1.12) āprāyaṇādāmokṣāttatrāpi ca mokse bhaktiranuvartate iti śrutau dṛṣṭamiti sūtrārthaḥ | bhaktyā vinaṣṭāvidyānāṃ bhaktyāḥ svādo vivardhate sitayā naṣṭapittānāṃ sitāsvādavaditi rahasyavidaḥ | itthaṃ ca saniṣṭhānāṃ
sādhanasādhyapaddhatiruktā ||55||
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