Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 1.105

को वीरस्य मनस्विनः स्व-विषयः को वा विदेशः स्मृतः यं देशं श्रयते तम् एव कुरुते बाहु-प्रतापार्जितम् ।
यद् दंष्ट्रानख-लाङ्गुल-प्रहरणः सिंहो वनं गाहते तस्मिन्न् एव हत-द्विपेन्द्र-रुधिरैस् तृष्णां छिन्नत्त्य् आत्मनः ॥ १०५ ॥

ko vīrasya manasvinaḥ sva-viṣayaḥ ko vā videśaḥ smṛtaḥ yaṃ deśaṃ śrayate tam eva kurute bāhu-pratāpārjitam |
yad daṃṣṭrānakha-lāṅgula-praharaṇaḥ siṃho vanaṃ gāhate tasminn eva hata-dvipendra-rudhirais tṛṣṇāṃ chinnatty ātmanaḥ || 105 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 1.105 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (1.105). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Kah, Vira, Manasvin, Manasvi, Sva, Svan, Vishaya, Var, Videsha, Smrita, Yah, Desha, Shrayat, Eva, Kuruta, Pratapa, Arjita, Yat, Yad, Damshtra, Kha, Langula, Praharana, Simha, Vana, Tad, Hata, Dvipendra, Rudhira, Trishna, Atman,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 1.105). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “ko vīrasya manasvinaḥ sva-viṣayaḥ ko videśaḥ smṛtaḥ yaṃ deśaṃ śrayate tam eva kurute bāhu-pratāpārjitam
  • ko* -
  • kaḥ (indeclinable interrogative)
    [indeclinable interrogative]
    ka (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    kaḥ (pronoun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • vīrasya -
  • vīra (noun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    vīra (noun, neuter)
    [genitive single]
  • manasvinaḥ -
  • manasvin (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural], [ablative single], [genitive single]
    manasvin (noun, neuter)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
    manasvī (noun, neuter)
    [ablative single], [genitive single]
  • sva -
  • sva (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    svan (noun, masculine)
    [compound]
    svan (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    sva (noun, masculine)
    [vocative single]
  • viṣayaḥ -
  • viṣaya (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • ko* -
  • kaḥ (indeclinable interrogative)
    [indeclinable interrogative]
    ka (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    kaḥ (pronoun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • vā* -
  • vār (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]
    vār (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    va (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • videśaḥ -
  • videśa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • smṛtaḥ -
  • smṛta (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    smṛ -> smṛta (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √smṛ class 1 verb]
  • yam -
  • ya (noun, masculine)
    [accusative single]
    yaḥ (pronoun, masculine)
    [accusative single]
  • deśam -
  • deśa (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    deśā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • śrayate -
  • śri -> śrayat (participle, masculine)
    [dative single from √śri class 1 verb]
    śri -> śrayat (participle, neuter)
    [dative single from √śri class 1 verb]
    śri (verb class 1)
    [present middle third single]
  • tam -
  • ta (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    ta (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    tan (noun, masculine)
    [adverb]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [accusative single]
  • eva -
  • eva (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    eva (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    eva (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • kurute -
  • kurutā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    kuruta (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    kuruta (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    kṛ (verb class 8)
    [present middle third single]
  • bāhu -
  • bāhu (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
  • pratāpā -
  • pratāpa (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • arjitam -
  • arjita (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    arjita (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    arjitā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    ṛj -> arjita (participle, masculine)
    [adverb from √ṛj]
    ṛj -> arjita (participle, neuter)
    [adverb from √ṛj]
    ṛj -> arjitā (participle, feminine)
    [adverb from √ṛj]
    ṛj -> arjita (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √ṛj]
    ṛj -> arjita (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √ṛj], [accusative single from √ṛj]
  • Line 2: “yad daṃṣṭrānakha-lāṅgula-praharaṇaḥ siṃho vanaṃ gāhate tasminn eva hata-dvipendra-rudhirais tṛṣṇāṃ chinnatty ātmanaḥ
  • yad -
  • yat (indeclinable relative)
    [indeclinable relative]
    yat (noun, masculine)
    [compound]
    yad (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single]
    yat (noun, neuter)
    [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    i -> yat (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √i class 2 verb], [vocative single from √i class 2 verb], [accusative single from √i class 2 verb]
    yat (pronoun, neuter)
    [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • daṃṣṭrān -
  • daṃṣṭra (noun, masculine)
    [accusative plural]
  • a -
  • a (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • kha -
  • kha (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    kha (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • lāṅgula -
  • lāṅgula (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • praharaṇaḥ -
  • praharaṇa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • siṃho* -
  • siṃha (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • vanam -
  • vana (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    vana (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    vanā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • gāhate -
  • gāh (verb class 1)
    [present middle third single]
  • tasminn -
  • tad (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
    sa (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
  • eva -
  • eva (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    eva (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    eva (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • hata -
  • hata (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    hata (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    han -> hata (participle, masculine)
    [vocative single from √han class 1 verb], [vocative single from √han class 2 verb]
    han -> hata (participle, neuter)
    [vocative single from √han class 1 verb], [vocative single from √han class 2 verb]
    han (verb class 2)
    [imperative active second plural]
  • dvipendra -
  • dvipendra (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • rudhirais -
  • rudhira (noun, masculine)
    [instrumental plural]
    rudhira (noun, neuter)
    [instrumental plural]
  • tṛṣṇām -
  • tṛṣṇā (noun, feminine)
    [accusative single]
  • Cannot analyse chinnatty*āt
  • ātmanaḥ -
  • ātman (noun, masculine)
    [accusative plural], [ablative single], [genitive single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 1.105

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 1.105 in Gujarati sript:
કો વીરસ્ય મનસ્વિનઃ સ્વ-વિષયઃ કો વા વિદેશઃ સ્મૃતઃ યં દેશં શ્રયતે તમ્ એવ કુરુતે બાહુ-પ્રતાપાર્જિતમ્ ।
યદ્ દંષ્ટ્રાનખ-લાઙ્ગુલ-પ્રહરણઃ સિંહો વનં ગાહતે તસ્મિન્ન્ એવ હત-દ્વિપેન્દ્ર-રુધિરૈસ્ તૃષ્ણાં છિન્નત્ત્ય્ આત્મનઃ ॥ ૧૦૫ ॥

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