Verse 16.1

śrībhagavānuvāca
abhayaṃ sattvasaṃśuddhirjñānayogavyavasthitiḥ |
dānaṃ damaśca yajñaśca svādhyāyastapa ārjavam ||1||
ahiṃsā satyamakrodhastyāgaḥ śāntirapaiśunam |
dayā bhūteṣvaloluptvaṃ mārdavaṃ hrīracāpalam ||2||
tejaḥ kṣamā dhṛtiḥ śaucamadroho nātimānitā |
bhavanti saṃpadaṃ daivīmabhijātasya bhārata ||3||

The Subodhinī commentary by Śrīdhara

āsurīṃ sampadaṃ tyaktvā daivīmevāśritā narāḥ |
mucyanta iti nirṇetuṃ tadviveko'tha ṣoḍaśe ||

pūrvādhyāyāstu etadbuddhvā buddhimān syātkṛtakṛtyaśca bhāratetyuktam | tatra ka etattattvaṃ budhyate | ko vā na budhyate | ityapekṣāyāṃ tattvajñāne'dhikāriṇo'nadhikāriṇaśca vivekārthaṃ ṣoḍaśādhyāyasyārambhaḥ | nirūpite hi kāryārthe'dhikārijijñāsā bhavati | taduktaṃ bhaṭṭaiḥ

bhāro yo yena voḍhavyaḥ sa prāgāndolitā yadā |
tadā kaṇḍasya voḍheti śakyaṃ kartuṃ nirūpaṇam || iti |

tatrādhikāriviśeṣaṇabhūtāṃ daivīṃ sampadamāha abharamiti tribhiḥ | abhayaṃ bhayābhāvaḥ | sattvasya cittasya saṃśuddhiḥ suprasannatā | jñānayoga ātmajñānopāye vyavasthitiḥ pariniṣṭhā | dānaṃ svabhojyasya annāderyathocitaṃ saṃvibhāgaḥ | damo bāhyendriyasaṃyamaḥ | yajño yathādhikāraṃ darśapaurṇamāsādiḥ | svādhyāyo brahmayajñādiḥ | japayajño vā | tapa uttarādhyāye vakṣyamāṇaṃ śārīrādi | ārjavamavakratā ||1||

kiṃ cāhiṃseti | ahiṃsā parapīḍāvarjanam | satyaṃ yathādṛṣṭārthabhāṣaṇam | akrodhastāḍitasyāpi citte kṣobhānutpattiḥ | tyāga audāryam | śāntiścittoparatiḥ | paiśunaṃ parokṣe paradoṣaprakāśanam | tadvarjanamapaiśunam | bhūteṣu dīneṣu dayā | alolupatamalolupatvaṃ lobhābhāvaḥ | avarṇalopa ārṣaḥ | mārdavaṃ mṛdutvamakrūratā | hrīrakāryapravṛttau lokalajjā | acāpalaṃ vyarthakriyārāhityam ||2||

kiṃ ca teja iti | tejaḥ prāgalbhyam | kṣamā paribhavādiṣu utpadyamāneṣu krodhapratibandhaḥ | dhṛtirduḥkhādibhiravasīdataścittasya sthirīkaraṇam | śaucaṃ bāhyābhyantaraśuddhiḥ | adroho jighāṃsārāhityam | ātimānitā ātmanyatipūjyatvābhimānaḥ | tadabhāvo nātimānitā | etānyabhayādīni ṣaḍviṃśatiprakārāṇi daivīṃ sampadamabhijātasya bhavanti | devayogyāṃ sāttvikīṃ sampadamabhilakṣya tadābhimukhyena jātasya | bhāvikalyāṇasya puṃso bhavantītyarthaḥ ||3||

The Gūḍhārthadīpikā commentary by Madhusūdana

anantārādhyāye adhaśca mūlānyanusantatāni karmānubandhīni manuṣyaloke [Gītā 15.2] ityatra manuṣyadehe prāgbhavīyakarmānusāreṇa vyajyamānā vāsanāḥ saṃsārasyāvāntaramūlatvenoktāstāśca daivyāsurī rākṣasī ceti prāṇināṃ prakṛtayo navame'dhyāye sūcitāḥ | tatra vedabodhitakarmātmajñānopāyaānuṣṭhānapravṛttihetuḥ sāttvikī śubhavāsanā daivī prakṛtirityucyate | evaṃ vaidikaniṣedhātikrameṇa svabhāvasiddharāgadveṣānusārisarvānarthahetupravṛttihetubhūtā rājasī tāmasī cāśubhavāsanāsurī rākṣasī ca prakṛtirucyate | tatra ca viṣayabhogaprādhānyena rāgaprābalyādāsurītvaṃ hiṃsāprādhānyena dveṣaprābalyād
rākṣasītvamiti vivekaḥ | samprati tu śāstrānusāreṇa tadvihitapravṛttihetubhūtā sāttvikī śubhavāsanā daivī sampat | śāstrātikrameṇa tanniṣiddhaviṣayapravṛttihetubhūtā rājasī tāmasī cāśubhavāsanā rākṣasyāsuryorekīkaraṇenāsurī sampaditi dvairāśyenaśubhāśubhavāsanābhedaṃ dvayā ha prājāpatyā devāścāsurāśca ityādiśrutiprasiddhaṃ śubhānāmādānāyāśubhānāṃ hānāya ca pratipādayituṃ ṣoḍaśo'dhyāya ārabhyate | tatrādau ślokatrayenṇādeyāṃ daivīṃ sampadam |

śāstropadiṣṭe'rthe sandehaṃ vinānuṣṭānaniṣṭhatvamekākī sarvaparigrahaśūnyaḥ kathaṃ jīviṣyāmīti bhayarāhityaṃ vābhayam | sattvasyāntaḥkaraṇasya śuddhirnirmalatā tasyāḥ samyaktā bhagavattattvasphūrtiyogyatā sattvasaṃśuddhiḥ paravañcanamāyānṛtādiparivarjanaṃ vā | parasya vyājena vaśīkaraṇaṃ paravañcanam | hṛdaye'nyathā kṛtvā bahiranyathā vyavaharaṇaṃ māyā, anyathādṛṣṭakathanamanṛtamityādi | jñānaṃ śāstrādātmatattvasyāvagamaḥ | cittaikāgratayā tasya svānubhavārūḍhatvaṃ yogaḥ | tayorvyāvasthitiḥ sarvadā tanniṣṭhatā jñānayogavyavasthitiḥ | yadā
tvabhayaṃ sarvabhūtābhayadānasaṅkalpapālanam | etaccānyeṣāmapi paramahaṃsadharmāṇāmupalakṣaṇam | sattvasaṃśuddhiḥ śravaṇādiparipākeṇāntaḥkaraṇasyāsambhāvanāviparītabhāvanādimalarāhityam | jñānamātmasākṣātkāraḥ | yogo manonāśavāsanākṣayānukūlaḥ puruṣaprayatnastābhyāṃ viśiṣṭā saṃsārivilakṣaṇāvasthitirjīvanmuktirjñānayogavyavasthitirityevaṃ vyākhyāyate tadā phalamūrtaiva daivī sampadiyaṃ draṣṭavyā | bhagavadbhaktiṃ vināntaḥkaraṇasaṃśuddherayogāttayā sāpi kathitā |

mahātmānastu māṃ pārtha daivīṃ prakṛtimāśritāḥ |
bhajantyananyamanaso jñātvā bhūtādimavyayam ||13||

iti navame daivyāṃ sampadi bhagavadbhakteruktatvācca | bhagavadbhakteratiśreṣṭhatvādabhayādibhiḥ saha pāṭho na kṛta iti draṣṭavyam |

mahābhāgyānāṃ paramahaṃsānāṃ phalabhūtāṃ daivīṃ sampadamuktvā tato nyūnānāṃ gṛhasthādīnāṃ sādhanabhūtāmāha dānaṃ svasvatvāspadānāmannādīnāṃ yathāśakti śāstroktaḥ saṃvibhāgaḥ | damo bāhyendriyasaṃyama ṛtukālādyatiriktakāle maithunādyabhāvaḥ | cakāro'nuktānāṃ nivṛttilakṣaṇadharmāṇāṃ samuccayārthaḥ | yajñaśca śrauto'gnihotradarśapaurṇamāsādiḥ | smārto devayajñaḥ pitṛyajño bhūtayajño manuṣyayajña iti caturvidhaḥ | brahmayajñasya svādhyāyapadena pṛthagukteḥ | cakāro'nuktānāṃ pravṛttilakṣaṇadharmāṇāṃ
samuccayārthaḥ | etattrayaṃ gṛhasthasya | svādhyāyo brahmayajño'dṛṣṭārthamṛgvedādyadhyayanarūpaḥ | yajñaśabdena pañcavidhamahāyajñoktisambhave'pyasādhāraṇyena bramacāridharmatvakathanārthaṃ pṛthaguktiḥ | tapastrividhaṃ śārīrādi saptadaśe vakṣyamāṇaṃ vānaprasthasyāsādhāraṇo dharmaḥ | evaṃ caturṇāmāśramāṇāmasādhāraṇān dharmānuktvā caturṇāṃ varṇānāmasādhāraṇadharmānāha ārjavamavakratvaṃ śraddadhāneṣu śrotṛṣu svajñātārthāsaṃgopanam ||1||

prāṇivṛtticchedo hiṃsā tadahetutvamahiṃsā | satyamanarthānanubandhi yathābhūtārthavacanam | parairākrośe tāḍane vā kṛte sati prāpto yaḥ krodhastasya tatkālamupaśamanamakrodhaḥ | dānasya prāguktestyāgaḥ saṃnyāsaḥ | damasya prāgukteḥ śāntirantaḥkaraṇasyopaśamaḥ | parasmai parokṣe paradoṣaprakāśanaṃ paiśunam, tadabhāvo'paiśunam | dayā bhūteṣu duḥkhiteṣvanukampā | aloluptvamalolupatvamindriyāṇāṃ viṣayasaṃnidhāne'pyavikriyatvam | mārdavaṃ akrūratvaṃ vṛthāpūrvapakṣādikāriṣvapi śiṣyādiṣvapriyabhāṣaṇādivyatirekeṇa
yodhayitṛtvam | hrīrakāryapravṛttyārambhe tatpratibandhikā lokalajjā | acāpalaṃ prayojanaṃ vināpi vākpāṇyādivyāpārayitṛtvaṃ cāpalaṃ tadabhāvaḥ | ārjavādayo'cāpalāntā brāhmaṇasyāsādharaṇā dharmāḥ ||2||

tejaḥ prāgalbhyaṃ strībālakādibhirmūḍhairanabhibhāvyatvam | kṣamā satyapi sāmarthye paribhavahetuṃ prati krodhasyānutpattiḥ | dhṛtirdehendriyeṣvavasādaṃ prāpteṣvapi taduttambhakaḥ prayanaviśeṣaḥ | yenottambhitāni karaṇāni śarīraṃ ca nāvasīdanti | etattrayaṃ kṣatriyasyāsādhāraṇam | śaucamābhyantaramarthaprayogādau māyānṛtādirāhityaṃ na tu mṛjjalādijanitaṃ bāhyamatra grāhyaṃ tasya śarīraśuddhirūpatayā bāhyatvenāntaḥkaraṇavāsanātvābhāvāt | tadvāsanānāmeva sāttvikādibhedabhinnānāṃ daivyāsuryādisampadrūpatvenātra pratipipādāyiṣitatvāt | svādhyāyādivatkenacidrūpeṇa vāsanārūpatve tadapyādeyam
eva | drohaḥ parajighāṃsayā śastragrahaṇādi tadabhāvo'drohaḥ | etaddvayaṃ vaiśyasyāsādhāraṇam | astyarthaṃ mānitātmani pūjyatvātiśayabhāvanātimiānitā | tadabhāvo nātimānitā pūjyeṣu namratā | ayaṃ śūdrasyāsādhāraṇo dharmaḥ | tametaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasānāśakena [BAU 4.4.22] ityādi śrutyā vividiṣaupayikatayā viniyuktā asādhāraṇāḥ sādhāraṇāśca varṇāśramadharmā ihopalakṣyante | ete dharmā bhavanti niṣpadyante daivīṃ śuddhasattvamayīṃ sampadaṃ vāsanāsantatiṃ śarīrārambhakāle puṇyakarmabhirabhivyaktāmabhilakṣya jātasya puruṣasya taṃ
vidyākarmaṇī samanvārabhete pūrvaprajñā ca [BAU 4.4.2], puṇyaḥ puṇyena karmaṇā bhavati pāpaḥ pāpena [BAU 4.4.5] ityādi śrutibhyaḥ | he bhārateti sambhodayn śuddhavaṃśodbhavatvena pūtatvāttvametādṛśadharmayogyo'sīti sūcayati ||3||

The Sārārthavarṣiṇī commentary by Viśvanātha

ṣoḍaśe sampadaṃ daivīmāsurīmapyavarṇayat |
sargaṃ ca dvividhaṃ daivamāsuraṃ prabhurakṣayāt ||

anantarādhyāye ūrdhvamūlamadhaḥśākhamityādinā varṇitasya saṃsārāśvatthavṛkṣasya phalāni na varṇitānītyanusmṛtyāsminnadhyāye tasya dvividhāni mokacāni bandhakāni ca phalāni varṇayiṣyan prathamṃ mokaānyāha abhayamiti tribhiḥ | tyaktaputrakalatrādika ekākī nirjane vane kathaṃ jīviṣyāmīti bhayarāhityamabhayam | sattvasaṃśuddhiścittaprasādaḥ | jñānayoge jñānopāye'mānitvādau vyavasthitiḥ pariniṣṭhā | dānaṃ svabhojyānnāderyathocitaṃ saṃvibhāgaḥ | damo bāhyendriyasaṃyamaḥ | yajño devapūjā | svādhyāyo vedapāṭhḥ | ādīni spaṣṭāni | tyāgaḥ putrakalatrādiṣu yamatātyāgaḥ
| aloluptvaṃ lobhābhāvaḥ | etāni ṣaḍviṃśatirabhayādīni daivīṃ sāttvikīṃ samapdamabhilakṣya jātasya sāttvikyāḥ sampadaḥ prāptvyañjake kṣaṇe janma labdhavataḥ puṃso bhavanti ||13||

The Gītābhūṣaṇa commentary by Baladeva

daivīṃ tathāsurīṃ kṛṣṇaḥ sampadaṃ ṣoḍaśe'bravīt |
pādeyatvaheyatve bodhayan kramatastayoḥ ||

pūrvatra aśvatthamūlānyanusantatāni ityādinā prācīnakarmanimittāḥ śubhāśubhavāsanāḥ saṃsārataroravāntaramūlatvenoktāḥ | etā eva navame daivyāsurī rākṣasī cetei prāṇināṃ prakṛtayo nigaditāḥ | tatra vaidikārthānuṣṭhānahetuḥ sāttvikī śubhavāsanā mokṣopāyoginī daivī prakṛtiḥ | saiveha daivī sampattarorupādeyaṃ phalam | svābhāvikarāgadveṣānusāriṇī sarvānarthahetū rājasī tāmasī cāśubhavāsanā āsurī rākṣasī ca prakṛtinirayanipātopayoginī sā | sā cāsurasampattayorheyaṃ phalamityetadbodhayituṃ ṣoḍaśasyārambhaḥ |

atra daivīṃ sampadaṃ bhagavānuvāca abhayamityādinā trikeṇa | caturṇāmāśramāṇāṃ varṇānāṃ ca dharmāḥ kramādiha kathyante | sannyāsināṃ tāvadāha abhayaṃ nirudyamaḥ kathamekākī jiviṣyāmīti bhayaśūnyatvam | sattvasaṃśuddhiḥ svāśramadharmānuṣṭhānena manonairmalyam | jñānayoge śravaṇādau jñānopāye | vyavasthitiḥ pariniṣṭheti trayam ||

atha brahmacāriṇāmāha svādhyāyo brahmayajñaḥ śaktimato bhagavataḥ pratipādako'yamapauruṣeyo'kṣararāśirityanusandhāya vedābhyāsaniṣṭhatetyekam |

atha vānaprasthānāmāha tapa iti | tacca śarīrāditribhedamityaṣṭādaśe vakṣyamāṇaṃ bodhyamityekam |

atha varṇeṣu viprāṇāmāha ārjavaṃ sāralyam | tacca śraddhāluśrotṛṣu svajñātārthāgopanaṃ jñeyam | ahiṃsā prāṇijīvikānucchedakatā | satyamanrthānanubhandiyathādṛṣṭārthaviṣayaṃ vākyam | akrodho durjanakṛte svatiraskāre'bhyuditasya kopasya nirodhaḥ | tyāgo durukterapi tatrāprakāśaḥ | śāntirmanasaḥ saṃyamaḥ | apaiśunaṃ parokṣe parānarthakārivākyāprakāśanam | bhūteṣu dayā tadduḥkhāsahiṣṇutā | aloluptvaṃ nirlobhatā | palopaśchāndasaḥ | mārdavaṃ komalatvaṃ satpātrasaṅgavicchedāsahanam | hrīrvikarmaṇi lajjā | acāpalaṃ vyarthakriyāviraha iti dvādaśa |

atha kṣatriyāṇāmāha tejastucchajanānabhibhāvyatvam | kṣamā satyapi sāmartheysvāsamānaṃ paribhāvakaṃ prati kopānudayaḥ | dhṛtiḥ śarīrendriyeṣvapi taduttambhakaḥ prayatno yena teṣāṃ nāvasādaḥ syāditi trayam |

atha vaiśyānāmāha śaucaṃ vyāpāre vāṇijye māyānṭrādirāhityam | adrohaḥ parajighāṃsayā khaḍgādyagrahaṇamiti dvayam |

atha śūdrānāmāha nātimānitā ātmani pūjyatvabhāvanāśūnyatā viprādiṣu triṣu namratetyekamiti ṣaḍviṃśatiḥ |

ete tatra tatra pradhānabhūtā bodhyā anuktānāmapyupalakṣaṇārthāḥ | dehārambhakālonmukhaiḥ sukṛtairvyaktāṃ daivīṃ śubhavāsanāmabhilakṣīkṛtya jātasya puruṣasya bhavanti udayante puṇyaḥ puṇye karmaṇā bhavati pāpaḥ pāpena iti śruteḥ | devāhkhalu pareśānuvṛttiśīlāsteṣāmiyaṃ sampadanayā tatprāpakajñānabhaktisambhavātsaṃsāratarorupādeyaṃ phalametat ||13||

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