Sūtra 3.14

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of Sūtra 3.14:

शान्तोदिताव्यपदेश्यधर्मानुपाती धर्मी ॥ ३.१४ ॥

śāntoditāvyapadeśyadharmānupātī dharmī || 3.14 ||

14. The subject is the correlative of the qualities of tranquillity, enlivening, and latency.

The Rajamartanda commentary by King Bhoja:

[English translation of the 11th century commentary by Bhoja called the Rājamārtaṇḍa]

[Sanskrit text for commentary available]

Now, a doubt arising as to what the property is, he defines the nature of the propertied, ie., the subject.

[Read Sūtra 3.14]

“The tranquil” (śāntāḥ) (qualities) are those which, having performed their respective functions, have entered the postcedent condition. “The enlivened” (uditāḥ) qualities are those which, forsaking the antecedent condition, perform their functions in the present condition. “The latent,” (avyapadesyāḥ) qualities are those which, abiding potentially, do not produce action. Thus everything is comprised in everything, and so on. By the word property (dharma) is implied that simple potentiality which abides distinctly correlated as effect and cause. Whatever proceeds and admits of correlation with that threefold quality is called the “propertied” (dharmī) which is the subject of tranquillity, enlivening and latency. Thus gold, giving up the quality of the form of a necklace and assuming that of the form of a svastika cross, still appears as a golden form, i.e., when in these slightly different characters the subject appears as a common property, it is subject, but when it abides as a distinct mode it is a property, and therefore it is described as the correlative of qualities.

Notes and Extracts

[Notes and comparative extracts from other commentaries on the Yogasūtra]

[Properties do not always exist in the same form in the same way. Sometimes they are tranquil, at others active, or enlivened, and sometimes latent, and these properties are called dharma, and the thing with which they are correlated is the “propertied,” or the substratum of qualities, or Dharma—that which has the Dharma. A thing cannot be called a subject until it is correlated to a property, and a property ceases to be so when it qualifies nothing. On the other hand, by change of relation a subject may become a property and a property a subject—a subjective law or its objective outcome.]

To remove the doubt as to how a single (propertied) subject undergoes many modifications he says: