Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.51.2

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒भीम॑वन्वन्त्स्वभि॒ष्टिमू॒तयो॑ऽन्तरिक्ष॒प्रां तवि॑षीभि॒रावृ॑तम् । इन्द्रं॒ दक्षा॑स ऋ॒भवो॑ मद॒च्युतं॑ श॒तक्र॑तुं॒ जव॑नी सू॒नृतारु॑हत् ॥
अभीमवन्वन्त्स्वभिष्टिमूतयोऽन्तरिक्षप्रां तविषीभिरावृतम् । इन्द्रं दक्षास ऋभवो मदच्युतं शतक्रतुं जवनी सूनृतारुहत् ॥
abhīm avanvan svabhiṣṭim ūtayo 'ntarikṣaprāṃ taviṣībhir āvṛtam | indraṃ dakṣāsa ṛbhavo madacyutaṃ śatakratuṃ javanī sūnṛtāruhat ||

English translation:

“The protecting and fostering Ṛbhus hastened to the presence of Indra, of graceful motion, and irradiating the firmament, imbued with vigour, the humiliator of his enemies, the performer of a hundred pious acts; and by them, encouraging words were uttered.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Ṛbhus = Maruts who encouraged Indra; 'all gods who were your friends have fled; may there be friendship between the Maruts and you'. Indra is one of 12 Ādityas, as Śakra, hence 'irradiating the firmament'; words were uttered: prahara bhagava vīryasva, strike; bhagavan, be valiant

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): savya āṅgirasaḥ [savya āṅgirasa];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): virāḍjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒भि । ई॒म् । अ॒व॒न्व॒न् । सु॒ऽअ॒भि॒ष्टिम् । ऊ॒तयः॑ । अ॒न्त॒रि॒क्ष॒ऽप्राम् । तवि॑षीभिः । आऽवृ॑तम् । इन्द्र॑म् । दक्षा॑सः । ऋ॒भवः॑ । म॒द॒ऽच्युत॑म् । श॒तऽक्र॑तुम् । जव॑नी । सू॒नृता॑ । आ । अ॒रु॒ह॒त् ॥
अभि । ईम् । अवन्वन् । सुअभिष्टिम् । ऊतयः । अन्तरिक्षप्राम् । तविषीभिः । आवृतम् । इन्द्रम् । दक्षासः । ऋभवः । मदच्युतम् । शतक्रतुम् । जवनी । सूनृता । आ । अरुहत् ॥
abhi | īm | avanvan | su-abhiṣṭim | ūtayaḥ | antarikṣa-prām | taviṣībhiḥ | āvṛtam | indram | dakṣāsaḥ | ṛbhavaḥ | mada-cyutam | śata-kratum | javanī | sūnṛtā | ā | aruhat

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.51.2 English analysis of grammar]

abhīm < abhi

[adverb]

“towards; on.”

abhīm < īm < īṃ

[adverb]

avanvan < van

[verb], plural, Imperfect

“obtain; gain; desire; get; like; love; overcome.”

svabhiṣṭim < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

svabhiṣṭim < abhiṣṭim < abhiṣṭi

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“prevalence; protection.”

ūtayo < ūtayaḥ < ūti

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“aid; favor; ūti [word].”

'ntarikṣaprāṃ < antarikṣa

[noun], neuter

“sky; atmosphere; air; abhra.”

'ntarikṣaprāṃ < prām < prā

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“appreciated.”

taviṣībhir < taviṣībhiḥ < taviṣī

[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine

“strength; power.”

āvṛtam < āvṛ < √vṛ

[verb noun], accusative, singular

“envelop; accompany; surround; obstruct; cover; close; surround; endow; overwhelm; mix; coat.”

indraṃ < indram < indra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

dakṣāsa < dakṣāsaḥ < dakṣa

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“deft; right; intelligent; expert.”

ṛbhavo < ṛbhavaḥ < ṛbhu

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“Ribhus.”

madacyutaṃ < mada

[noun], masculine

“drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”

madacyutaṃ < cyutam < cyut

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“shaking; dropping.”

śatakratuṃ < śatakratum < śatakratu

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Indra.”

javanī < javana

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“fleet; stimulating.”

sūnṛtāruhat < sūnṛtā

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“liberality.”

sūnṛtāruhat < āruhat < āruh < √ruh

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“board; hop on; climb; ascend; descend; ride; copulate; grow.”

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