Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

जीविते यस्य जीवन्ति विप्रा मित्राणि बान्धवाः ।
सफलं जीवितं तस्य आत्मार्थे को न जीवति ॥ ३६ ॥

jīvite yasya jīvanti viprā mitrāṇi bāndhavāḥ |
saphalaṃ jīvitaṃ tasya ātmārthe ko na jīvati || 36 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 2.36 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (2.36). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Jivita, Yasya, Yah, Yat, Jivanti, Jivat, Vipra, Mitra, Bandhava, Saphala, Atmarthe, Atmartha, Kah,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 2.36). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “jīvite yasya jīvanti viprā mitrāṇi bāndhavāḥ
  • jīvite -
  • jīvita (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    jīvita (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
    jīvitā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative dual], [vocative single], [vocative dual], [accusative dual]
    jīv -> jīvita (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √jīv class 1 verb]
    jīv -> jīvita (participle, neuter)
    [nominative dual from √jīv class 1 verb], [vocative dual from √jīv class 1 verb], [accusative dual from √jīv class 1 verb], [locative single from √jīv class 1 verb]
    jīv -> jīvitā (participle, feminine)
    [nominative dual from √jīv class 1 verb], [vocative single from √jīv class 1 verb], [vocative dual from √jīv class 1 verb], [accusative dual from √jīv class 1 verb]
  • yasya -
  • yasya (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    yasya (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    yas -> yasya (absolutive)
    [absolutive from √yas]
    ya (noun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    yaḥ (pronoun, masculine)
    [genitive single]
    yat (pronoun, neuter)
    [genitive single]
    yas (verb class 4)
    [imperative active second single]
  • jīvanti -
  • jīvanti (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    jīvantī (noun, feminine)
    [adverb], [vocative single]
    jīvat (noun, neuter)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
    jīv -> jīvat (participle, neuter)
    [nominative plural from √jīv class 1 verb], [vocative plural from √jīv class 1 verb], [accusative plural from √jīv class 1 verb]
    jīv -> jīvantī (participle, feminine)
    [vocative single from √jīv class 1 verb]
    jīv (verb class 1)
    [present active third plural]
  • viprā* -
  • vipra (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
    viprā (noun, feminine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • mitrāṇi -
  • mitra (noun, neuter)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural], [accusative plural]
  • bāndhavāḥ -
  • bāndhava (noun, masculine)
    [nominative plural], [vocative plural]
  • Line 2: “saphalaṃ jīvitaṃ tasya ātmārthe ko na jīvati
  • saphalam -
  • saphala (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    saphala (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    saphalā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • jīvitam -
  • jīvita (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    jīvita (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    jīvitā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
    jīv -> jīvita (participle, masculine)
    [accusative single from √jīv class 1 verb]
    jīv -> jīvita (participle, neuter)
    [nominative single from √jīv class 1 verb], [accusative single from √jīv class 1 verb]
  • tasya*ā -
  • tas (verb class 4)
    [present middle first single], [present passive first single]
  • āt -
  • āt (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    a (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
  • ātmārthe -
  • ātmārthe (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    ātmārtha (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    ātmārtha (noun, neuter)
    [nominative dual], [vocative dual], [accusative dual], [locative single]
  • ko* -
  • kaḥ (indeclinable interrogative)
    [indeclinable interrogative]
    ka (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
    kaḥ (pronoun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • na -
  • na (indeclinable particle)
    [indeclinable particle]
    na (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [vocative single]
    na (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [vocative single]
  • jīvati -
  • jīvat (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
    jīvat (noun, neuter)
    [locative single]
    jīv -> jīvat (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √jīv class 1 verb]
    jīv -> jīvat (participle, neuter)
    [locative single from √jīv class 1 verb]
    jīv (verb class 1)
    [present active third single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 2.36

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 2.36 in Gujarati sript:
જીવિતે યસ્ય જીવન્તિ વિપ્રા મિત્રાણિ બાન્ધવાઃ ।
સફલં જીવિતં તસ્ય આત્માર્થે કો ન જીવતિ ॥ ૩૬ ॥

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