Verse 8.3

śrībhagavānuvāca
akṣaraṃ brahma paramaṃ svabhāvo'dhyātmamucyate |
bhūtabhāvodbhavakaro visargaḥ karmasaṃjñitaḥ ||3||

The Subodhinī commentary by Śrīdhara

praśnakrameṇaivottaraṃ śrībhagavānuvāca akṣaramiti tribhiḥ | na kṣarati na calatītyakṣaram | nanu jīvo'pyakṣaraḥ | paramaṃ yadakṣaraṃ jagato mūlakāraṇaṃ tadbraham | etadvai tadakṣaraṃ gārgi brāhmaṇā abhivadantīti śruteḥ | svasyaiva brahmaṇa evāṃśatayā jīvarūpeṇa bhavanaṃ svabhāvaḥ | sa evātmānaṃ dehamadhikṛtya bhoktṛtvena vartamāno'dhyātmaśabdenocyate ityarthaḥ | bhūtānāṃ jarāyujādīnāṃ bhāva utpattiḥ | udbhavaśca utkṛṣṭatvena bhavanamudbhavaḥ |

agnau prāstāhutiḥ samyagādityamupatiṣṭhate |
ādityājjāyate vṛṣṭirvṛṣṭerannaṃ tataḥ prajā ||

iti krameṇa vṛddhiḥ | tau bhūtabhāvodbhavau karoti yo visargo devatoddeśena dravyatyāgarūpo yajñaḥ | sarvakarmaṇāmupalakṣaṇametatsa ca karmaśabdavācyaḥ ||3||

The Gūḍhārthadīpikā commentary by Madhusūdana

evaṃ saptānāṃ praśnānāṃ krameṇottaraṃ tribhiḥ ślokaiḥ | praśnakrameṇa hi nirṇaye praṣṭurabhīṣṭasiddhiranāyāsena syādityabhiprāyavān bhagavānatra śloke praśnatrayaṃ krameṇa nirdhāritavān | evaṃ dvitīyaśloke'pi praśnatrayaṃ tṛtīyaśloke tvekamiti vibhāgaḥ | nirupādhikameva brahmātra vivakṣitaṃ brahmaśabdena na tu sopādhikamiti prathamapraśnasyottaramāha akṣaraṃ na kṣaratītyavināśi aśnute vā sarvamiti sarvavyāpakam | etadvai tadakṣaraṃ gārgi brāhmaṇā abhivadantyasthūlamanaṇu ityādyupakramya etasya vā akṣarasya praśāsane gārgi sūryācandramasau vidhṛtau
tiṣṭhataḥ nānyadato'sti draṣṭṛ śrutirityādi madhye parāmṛśya etasmin tu khalvakṣarae gārgyākāśa otaśca protaśca ityupasaṃhṛtaṃ śrutyā | sarvopādhiśūnyaṃ sarvasya praśāsitṛ, avyākṛtākāśāntasya kṛtsnasya prapañcasya dhārayitṛ | asmiṃśca śarīrendriyasaṃghāte vijñātṛ | nirupādhikaṃ caitanyaṃ tadiha brahmeti vivakṣitam | etadeva vivṛṇoti paramamiti | paramaṃ svaprakāśaparamānandarūpaṃ praśāsanasya kṛtsnajaḍavargadhāraṇasya ca liṅgasya tatraivopapatteḥ | akṣaramambarāntadhṛteḥ (Vs 1.3.10) iti nyāyāt |

na tvihākṣaraśabdasya varṇamātre rūḍhatvācchrutiliṅgādhikaraṇanyāyamūlakena rūḍhiryogamapaharati iti nyāyena rathakāraśabdena jātiviśeṣavatpraṇavākhyamakṣarameva grāhyaṃ tatroktaliṅgasambhavāt | omityekākṣaraṃ brahmeti ca pareṇa viśeṣaṇātānaarthakyapratihatānāṃ viparītaṃ balābalamiti nyāyāt | varṣāsu rathakāra ādadhīta ityatra tu jātiviśeṣe nāstyasambhava iti viśeṣaḥ | ananyathāsiddhena tu liṅgena śruterbādhaḥ ākāśastalliṅgātityādau vivṛtaḥ | etāvāṃstviha viśeṣaḥ | ananyathāsiddhena liṅgena śruterbādhe yatra yogaḥ sambhavati tatra sa eva gṛhyate mukhyatvāt | yathājyaiḥ stuvate pṛṣṭaiḥ
stuvata ityādau | yathā cātraivākṣaraśabde | yatra tu yogo'pi na sambhavati tatra gauṇī vṛttiryathākāśaprāṇādiśabdeṣu | ākāśaśabdasyāpi brahmaṇi ā samantātkāśata iti yogaḥ sambhavatīti cet | sa eva gṛhyatāmiti pañcapādīkṛtaḥ | tathā ca parāmarṣaṃ sūtraṃ prasiddheśca (Vs 1.3.17) iti | kṛtamatra vistareṇa |

tadevaṃ kiṃ tadbrahmeti nirṇītam | adhunā kimadhyātmamiti nirṇīyate | yadakṣaraṃ brahmetyuktaṃ tasyaiva svabhāvaḥ svo bhāvaḥ svarūpaṃ pratyakcaitanyaṃ na tu svasya bhāva iti ṣaṣṭhīsamāsaḥ | lakṣaṇāprasaṅgāt, ṣaṣṭhītatpuruṣabādhena karmadhārayaparigrahasya śrutapadārthānvayena viṣādasthapatyadhikaraṇasiddhatvāt | tasmānna brahmaṇaḥ saṃbandhi kintu brahmasvarūpameva | ātmānaṃ dehamadhikṛtya bhoktṛtayā vartamānamadhyātmamucyate'dhyātmaśabdenābhidhīyate na karaṇagrāma ityarthaḥ |

yāgadānahomātmakaṃ vaidikaṃ karmaivātra karmaśabdena vivikṣitamiti tṛtīyapraśnottaramāha bhūtānāṃ bhavanadharmakāṇāṃ sarveṣāṃ sthāvarajaṅgamānāṃ bhāvamutpattimudbhavaṃ vṛddhiṃ ca karoti yo visargastyāgastatacchāstravihito yāgadānahomātmakaḥ sa iha karmasaṃjñitaḥ | karmaśabdenokta iti yāvat | tatra devatoddeśena dravyatyāgo yāga uttiṣṭhaddhomo vaṣaṭkāraprayogāntaḥ | sa evopaviṣṭahomaḥ svāhākāraprayogānta āsecanaparyanto homaḥ | parasvatvāpattiparyantaḥ svatvatyāgo dānam | sarvatra ca tyāgāṃśo'nugataḥ | tasya ca bh¨tabhāvodbhavakaratvam

agnau prāstāhutiḥ samyagādityamupatiṣṭhate |
ādityājjāyate vṛṣṭirvṛṣṭerannaṃ tataḥ prajāḥ || iti smṛteḥ |

te vā ete āhutī hute utkrāmataḥ ityādi śruteśca ||3||

The Sārārthavarṣiṇī commentary by Viśvanātha

uttaramāha akṣaramiti | na kṣaratīti akṣaraṃ nityaṃ yatparamaṃ tadbrahma etadvai tadakṣaraṃ gārgi brāhmaṇā abhivadantīti śruteḥ | svabhāvaḥ svātmānaṃ dehādhyāsavaśādbhāvayati janayatīti svabhāvaḥ jīvaḥ | yadvā svaṃ bhāvayati paramātmānaṃ prāpayatīti svabhāvaḥ śuddhajīvo'dhyātmamucyate | adhyātmaśabdavācya ityarthaḥ | bhūtaireva bhāvānāṃ manuṣyādidehānāmudbhavaṃ karotīti sa visargo jīvasya saṃsāraḥ karmajanyatvātkarmasaṃjñaḥ | karmaśabdena jīvasya saṃsāra ucyata ityarthaḥ ||3||

The Gītābhūṣaṇa commentary by Baladeva

evaṃ pṛṣṭo bhagavān krameṇa saptānāmuttaramāha akṣaramiti | na kṣaratīti nirkterakṣaraṃ yatparamaṃ dehādiviviktaṃ jīvātmacaitanyaṃ tanmayā brahmetyucyate | tasyākṣaraśabdatvaṃ brahmaśabdatvaṃ caavyaktamakṣare līyate'kṣaraṃ tamasi līyate tama ekībhavati parasminniti vijñānaṃ brahma cedveda iti śruteḥ |

svabhāva iti | svasya jīvātmanaḥ sambandhī yo bhāvo bhūtasūkṣmatadvāsanālakṣaṇapadārthaḥ | pañcāgnividyāyāṃ paṭhitastadātmani saṃbadhyamānatvānmayādhyātmamucyate |

bhūteti teṣāṃ sūkṣmāṇāṃ bhūtānāṃ sthūlaistaiḥ saṃpṛktānāṃ bhāvo manuṣyādilakṣaṇastadudbhavakarastadutpādako yo visargaḥ sa karma saṃjñitaḥ | jyotiṣṭomādikarmaṇā svargamāsādya tasmin devadehena tatkarmopabhujyabhāṇḍasaṃkrāntaghṛtaśeṣavadbhogorvarito yaḥ karmaśeṣo bhuvi manuṣyādidehalābhāya visṛṣṭastanmayā karmocyate | chāndogye dyuparjanyapṛthivīpuruṣayoṣitsu pañcasvagniṣu śraddhāsomavṛṣṭyannaretāṃsi kramātpañcāhutayaḥ paṭhyante | tatrāyamarthaḥ vaidiko jīva iha loke
'smayāni dadhyādīni śraddhayā juhoti | tā dadhyādimayyaḥ pañcīkṛtatvātpañcabhūtarūpā āpaḥ śraddhayā hutatvātśraddhākhyāhutisvarūpeṇa tasmin jīve saṃbaddhāstiṣṭhanti | atha tasminmṛte tadindriyādhiṣṭhātāro devāstā dyulokāgnau juhvati | tadvantaṃ jīvaṃ divaṃ nayantītyarthaḥ | hutāstāḥ somarājākhyadivyadehatayā pariṇamante tena dehena sa tatra karmaphalāni bhuṅkte | tadbhogāvasāne'smayo jīvavān dehaistairdevaiḥ parjanyāgnau huto vṛṣṭirbhavati | vṛṣṭibhūtāstāḥ sajīvāḥ pṛthivyagnau tairhutā brīhyādyannabhāvaṃ labhante | annabhūtāḥ sajīvāstāḥ puruṣāgnau hutā retobhāvaṃ bhajante
| retobhūtāḥ sajīvāstā yoṣidagnau tairhutā garbhātmanā sthitā manuṣyabhāvaṃ prayāntīti tadbhāvaheturanuśayaśabdavācyaḥ karmaśeṣaḥ karmeti | evamevoktaṃ sūtrakṛtā tadantarapratipattau ityādibhiḥ ||3||

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