Verse 6.32

ātmaupamyena sarvatra samaṃ paśyati yo'rjuna |
sukhaṃ vā yadi vā duḥkhaṃ sa yogī paramo mataḥ ||32||

The Subodhinī commentary by Śrīdhara

evaṃ ca māṃ bhajatāṃ yogināṃ madhye sarvabhūtānukampī śreṣṭha ityāha ātmaupamyeneti | ātmaupamyena svasādṛśyena | yathā mama sukhaṃ priyaṃ duḥkhaṃ cāpriyaṃ tathānyeṣāṃ apīti sarvatra samaṃ paśyan sukhameva sarveṣāṃ yo vāñchati | na tu kasyāpi duḥkham | sa yogī śreṣṭho mamābhimata ityarthaḥ ||32||

The Gūḍhārthadīpikā commentary by Madhusūdana

evamutpanne'pi tatvabodhe kaścinmanonāśavāsanākṣayayorabhāvājjīvanmuktisukhaṃ nānubhavati cittavikṣepeṇa ca dṛṣṭaduḥkhamanubhavati so'paramo yogī dehapāte kaivalyabhāgitvāt | dehasadbhāvaparyantaṃ ca dṛṣṭaduḥkhānubhavāt | tattvajñānamanonāśavāsanākṣayāṇāṃ tu yugapadabhyāsāddṛṣṭaduḥkhanivṛttipūrvakaṃ jīvanmuktisukhamanubhavan prārabdhakarmavaśātsamādhervyutthānakāle kiṃ syāt? ityucyata ātmaupamyeneti |

ātmaivaupamyamupamā tenātmadṛṣṭāntena sarvatra prāṇijāte sukhaṃ vā yadi vā duḥkhaṃ samaṃ tulyaṃ yaḥ paśyati svasyāniṣṭaṃ yathā na sampādayati evaṃ parasyāpyaniṣṭaṃ yo na sampādayati pradveṣaśūnyatvāt, sa nirvāsanatayopaśāntamanā yogī brahmavitparamaḥ śreṣṭho mataḥ pūrvasmāt, he arjuna | atastattvajñānamanonāśavāsanākṣayāṇāmakramamabhyāsāya mahān prayatna āstheya ityarthaḥ |

tatredaṃ sarvaṃ dvaitajātamadvitīye cidānandātmani māyayā kalpitatvānmṛṣaivātmaivaikaḥ paramārthasatyaḥ saccidānandādvayo'hamasmīti jñānaṃ tattvajñānaṃ pradīpajvālāsantānavadvṛttisantānarūpeṇa pariṇamamānamantaḥkaraṇadravyaṃ mananātmakatvānmana ityucyate | tasya nāśe nāma vṛttirūpapariṇāmaṃ parityajya sarvavṛttinirodhinā nirodhākāreṇa pariṇāmaḥ | pūrvāparaparāmarśamantareṇa sahasotpadyamānasya krodhādivṛttiviśeṣasya hetuścittagataḥ saṃskāraviśeṣo vāsanā pūrvapūrvābhyāsena citte vāsyamānatvāt | tasyāḥ kṣayo nāma vivekajanyāyāṃ cittapraśamavāsanāyāṃ dṛḍhāyāṃ saty
api bāhye nimitte krodhādyanutpattiḥ | tatra tattvajñāne sati mithyābhūte jagati naraviṣāṇādāviva dhīvṛttyanudayādātmanaśca dṛṣṭatvena punarvṛttyanupayogānnirandhanāgnivanmano naśyati | naṣṭe ca manasi saṃskārodbodhakasya bāhyasya nimittasyāpratītau vāsanā kṣīyate | kṣīṇāyāṃ vāsanāyāṃ hetvabhāvena krodhādivṛttyanudayānmano naśyati | naṣṭe ca manasi śamadamādisampattyā tattvajñānamudeti | evamutpanne tattvajñāne rāgadveṣādirūpā vāsanā kṣīyate | kṣīṇāyāṃ ca vāsanāyāṃ pratibandhābhāvāttattvajñānodaya iti parasparakāraṇatvaṃ darśanīyam |

ataeva bhagavān vasiṣṭha āha

tattvajñānaṃ manonāśo vāsanākṣaya eva ca |
mithaḥ kāraṇatāṃ gatvā duḥsādhyāni sthitāni hi ||
tasmādrāghava yatnena pauruṣeṇa vivekinā |
bhogecchāṃ dūratastyaktvā trayametatsamāśraya || iti |
pauruṣo yatnaḥ kenāpyupāyenāvaśyaṃ sampādayiṣyāmītyevaṃvidhotsāharūpo nirbandhaḥ | viveko nāma vivicya niścayaḥ | tattvajñānasya śravaṇādikaṃ sādhanaṃ manonāśasya yogaḥ vāsanākṣayasya pratikūlavāsanotpādanamiti | etādṛśavivekayuktena pauruṣeṇa prayatnena bhogecchāyāḥ svalpāyā api haviṣā kṛṣṇavartmeveti nyāyena vāsanāvṛddhihetutvāddūrata ityuktam |

dvividho hi vidyādhikārī kṛtopāstirakṛtopāstiśca | tatra ya upāsyasākṣātkāraparyantāmupāstiṃ kṛtvā tattvajñānāya pravṛttastasya vāsanākṣayamanonāśaayordṛḍhataratvena jñānādūrdhvaṃ jīvanmuktiḥ svata eva sidhyati | idānīṃtanastu prāyeṇākṛtopāstireva mumukṣurautsukyamātrātsahasā vidyāyāṃ pravartate | yogaṃ vinā cijjaḍavivekamātreṇaiva ca manonāśavāsanākṣayau tātkālikau sampādya śamadamādisampattyā śravanamanananididhyāsanāni sampādayati | taiśca dṛḍhābhyastaiḥ sarvabandhavicchedi tattvajñānamudeti | avidyāgranthibrahmatvaṃ hṛdayagranthiḥ saṃśayāḥ karmāṇyasarvakāmatvaṃ mṛtyuḥ punarjanma cetyanekavidho bandho
jñānānnivartate | tathā ca śrūyate yo veda nihitaṃ guhāyāṃ so'vidyāgranthiṃ vikiratīha somya [] brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati []

bhidyate hṛdayagranthiśchidyante sarvasaṃśayāḥ |
kṣīyante cāsya karmāṇi tasmin dṛṣṭe parāvare || [MuṇḍU 2.2.8]

satyaṃ jñānamanantaṃ brahma | yo veda nihitaṃ guhāyāṃ parame vyoman | so'śnute sarvān kāmān saha [TaittU 1.1] tameva viditvātimṛtyumeti [ŚvetU 3.8]

yastu vijñānavān bhavati samanaskaḥ sadā śuciḥ |
sa tu tatpadamāpnoti yasmādbhūyo na jāyate || [KaṭhU 1.3.8]

ya evaṃ vedāhaṃ brahmāsmīti sa idaṃ sarvaṃ bhavati [BAU 1.4.10] ityasarvatvanivṛttiphalamudāhāryam | seyaṃ videhamuktiḥ satyapi dehe jñānotpattisamakālīnā jñeyā | brahmaṇyavidyādhyāropitānāmeteṣāṃ bandhānāmavidyānāśe sati nivṛttau punarutpattyasambhavāt | ataḥ śaithilyahetvabhāvāttattvajñānaṃ tasyānuvartate | manonāśavāsanākṣayautu dṛḍhābhyāsābhāvādbhogapradena prārabdhena karmaṇā bādhyamānatvācca savātapradeśapradīpavatsahasā nivartete | ata idānīṃtanasya tattvajñāninaḥ prāksiddhe tattvajñāne na prayatnāpekṣā | kiṃ tu manonāśavāsanākṣayau prayatnasādhyāviti | tatra manonāśao'samprajñātasamādhinirūpaṇena nirūpitaḥ
prāk | vāsanākṣayastvidānīṃ nirūpyate |

tatra vāsanāsvarūpaṃ vasiṣṭha āha

dṛḍhabhāvanayā tyaktapūrvāparavicāraṇam |
yadādānaṃ padārthasya vāsanā sā prakīrtitā ||

atra ca svasvadeśācārakuladharmasvabhāvabhedatadgatāpaśabdasuśabdādiṣu prāṇināmabhiniveśaḥ sāmānyenodāharaṇam | sā ca vāsanā dvividhā malinā śuddhā ca | śuddhā daivī sampat | śāstrasaṃskāraprābalyāttattvajñānasādhanatvenaikarūpaiva | malinā tu trividhā lokavāsanā śāstravāsanā dehavāsanā ceti | sarve janā yathā na nindanti tathaivācariṣyāmītyaśakyārthābhiniveśo lokavāsanā | tasyāśca ko lokamārādhayituṃ samartha iti nyāyena sampādayitumaśakyatvātpuruṣārthānupayogitvācca malinatvam | śāstravāsanā tu trividhā pāṭhavyasanaṃ bahuśāstravyasanamanuṣṭhānavyasanaṃ ceti krameṇa bharadvājasya durvāsaso nidāghasya ca prasiddhā | malinatvaṃ cāsyāḥ kleśāvahatvātpuruṣārthānupayogitvād
darpahetutvājjanmahetutvācca | dehavāsanāpi trividhā ātmatvabhrāntirguṇādhānabhrāntirguṇādhānabhrāntirdoṣāpanayanabhrāntiśceti | tatrātmatvabhrāntirvirocanādiṣu prasiddhā sārvalaukikī | guṇādhānaṃ dvividhaṃ laukikaṃ śāstrīyaṃ ca | samīcīnaśabdādiviṣayasampādanaṃ laukikaṃ, gaṅgāsnānaśālagrāmatīrthādisampādanaṃ śāstrīyam | doṣāpanayanamapi dvividhaṃ laukikaṃ śāstrīyaṃ ca | cikitsakoktairauṣadhairvyādhyādyapanayanaṃ laukikaṃ, vaidikasnānācamanādibhiraśaucādyapanayanaṃ vaidikam | etasyāśca sarvaprakārāyā malinatvamaprāmāṇikatvādaśakyatvātpuruṣārthānupayogitvātpunarjanmahetutvāc
ca | tadetallokaśāstradehavāsanātrayamavivekanāmupādeyatvena pratibhāsamānamapi vividiṣorvedanotpattivirodhitvādviduṣo jñānaniṣṭhāvirodhitvācca vivekibhirheyam |

tadevaṃ bāhyaviṣayavāsanā trividhā nirūpitā | ābhyantaravāsanā tu kāmakrodhadambhadarpādyāsurasampadrūpā sarvānarthamūlaṃ mānasī vāsanetyucyate | tadevaṃ bāhyābhyantaravāsanācatuṣṭayasya śuddhavāsanayā kṣayaḥ sampādanīyaḥ | taduktaṃ vasiṣṭhena

mānasīrvāsanāḥ pūrvaṃ tyaktvā viṣayavāsanāḥ |
maitryādivāsanā rāma gṛhāṇāmalavāsanāḥ || iti |

tatra viṣayavāsanāśabdena pūrvoktāstisro lokaśāstravedavāsanā vivakṣitāḥ | mānasavāsanāśabdena kāmakrodhadambhadarpādyāsurasampadvivakṣitā | yadvā śabdasparśarūparasagandhā viṣayāḥ | teṣāṃ bhujyamānatvadaśājanyaḥ saṃskāro viṣayavāsanā | kāmyamānatvadaśājanyaḥ saṃskāro mānasavāsanā | asmin pakṣe pūrvoktānāṃ catasṛṇāmanayorevāntarbhāvaḥ | bāhyābhyanaravyatirekeṇa vāsanāntarāsambhavāt | tāsāṃ vāsanānāṃ parityāgo nāma tadviruddhamaitryādivāsanotpādanam | tāśca maitryādivāsanā bhagavatā patañjalinā sūtritāḥ prāksaṃkṣepeṇa vyākhyātā api punarvyākhyāyante
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cittaṃ hi rāgadveṣapuṇyapāpaiḥ kaluṣīkriyate | tatra sukhānuśayī rāgaḥ [YogaS 2.7] | mohādanubhūyamānaṃ sukhamanuśete kaściddhīvṛttiviśeṣo rājasaḥ sarvaṃ sukhajātīyaṃ me bhūyāditi | tacca dṛṣṭādṛṣṭasāmagryabhāvātsampādayitumaśakyam | ataḥ sa rāgaścittaṃ kaluṣīkaroti | yadā tu sukhiu prāṇiṣvayaṃ maitrīṃ bhāvayetsarve'pyete sukhino madīyā iti tadā tatsukhaṃ svakīyameva sampannamiti bhāvayatastatra rāgo nivartate | yathā svasya rājyanivṛttāvapi putrādirājyameva svakīyaṃ rājyaṃ tadvat | nivṛtte ca rāge varṣāvyapāye jalamiva cittaṃ prasīdati | tathā
duḥkhānuśayī dveṣaḥ [YogaS 2.8] duḥkhamanuśete kaścddhīvṛttiviśeṣastamo'nugatarajaḥpariṇāma īdṛśaṃ sarvaṃ duḥkhaṃ sarvadā me mā bhūditi | tacca śatruvyāghrādiṣu satsya na nivārayituṃ śakyam | na ca sarve te duḥkhahetavo hantuṃ śakyante | ataḥ sa dveṣaḥ sadā hṛdayaṃ dahati | yadā tu svasyeva pareṣāṃ sarveṣāmapi duḥkhaṃ mā bhūditi karuṇāṃ duḥkhiṣu bhāvayettadā vairyādidveṣanivṛttau cittaṃ prasīdati | tathā ca smaryate

prāṇā yathātmano'bhīṣṭā bhūtānāmapi te tathā |
ātmaupamyena bhūteṣu dayāṃ kurvanti sādhavaḥ || iti |

etadevehāpyuktam ātmaupamyena sarvatretyādi | tathā prāṇinaḥ svabhāvata eva puṇyaṃ nānutiṣṭhanti pāpaṃ tvanutiṣṭhanti | tadāhuḥ

puṇyasya phalamicchanti puṇyaṃ necchanti mānavāḥ |
na pāpaphalamicchanti pāpaṃ kurvanti yatnataḥ || iti |

te ca puṇyapāpe akriyamāṇakriyamāṇe paścāttāpaṃ janayataḥ | sa ca śrutyānūditaḥ kimahaṃ sādhu nākaravaṃ kimahaṃ pāpamakaravamiti | yadyasau puṇyapuruṣeṣu muditāṃ bhāvayettadā tadvāsanāvān svayamevāpramatto'śuklakṛṣṇe puṇye pravartate | taduktaṃ karmāśuklakṛṣṇaṃ yoginastrividhamitareṣāmayogināṃ trividhaṃ śuklaṃ śubhaṃ kṛṣṇamaśubhaṃ śuklakṛṣṇaṃ śubhāśubhamiti | tathā pāpapuruṣeṣūpekṣāṃ bhāvayan svayamapi tadvāsanāvān pāpānnivartate |

tataśca puṇyākaraṇapāpakaraṇanimittasya paścāttāpasyābhāve cittaṃ prasīdati | evaṃ sukhiṣu maitrīṃ bhāvayato na kevalaṃ rāgo nivartate kiṃtvasūyerṣyādayo'pi nivartante | paraguṇeṣu doṣāviṣkaraṇamasūyā | paraguṇānāmasahanamīrṣyā | yadā maitrīvaśātparasukhaṃ svīyameva sampannaṃ tadā paraguṇeṣu kathamasūyādikaṃ sambhavet | tathā duḥkhiṣu karuṇāṃ bhāvayataḥ śatruvadhādikaro dveṣo yadā nivartate tadā duḥkhitvapratiyogikasvasukhitvaprayuktadarpo'pi nivartate | evaṃ doṣāntaranivṛttirapyūhanīyā vāsiṣṭharāmāyaṇādiṣu
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tadevaṃ tattvajñānaṃ manonāśo vāsanākṣayaśceti trayamabhyasanīyam | tatra kenāpi dvāreṇa punaḥ punastattvānusmaraṇaṃ tattvajñānābhyāsaḥ | taduktam

taccintanaṃ tatkathanamanyonyaṃ tatprabodhanam |
etadekaparatvaṃ ca brahmābhyāsaṃ vidurbudhāḥ ||
sargādāveva notpannaṃ dṛśyaṃ nāstyeva tatsadā |
idaṃ jagadahaṃ ceti bodhābhyāsaṃ viduḥ param || iti |

dṛśyāvabhāsavirodhiyogābhyāso manonirodhābhyāsaḥ | taduktam

atyantābhāvasampattau jñāturjñeyasya vastunaḥ |
yuktyā śāstrairyatante ye te'pyatrābhyāsinaḥ sthitāḥ || iti |

jñātṛjñeyormithyātvadhīrabhāvasampattiḥ | svarūpeṇāpyapratītiratyantābhāvasampattistadartham | yuktyā yogena |

dṛśyāsambhavabodhena rāgadveṣāditānave |
ratirghanoditā yāsau brahmābhyāsaḥ sa ucyate ||

iti rāgadveṣādikṣīṇatārūpavāsanākṣayābhyāsa uktaḥ | tasmādupapannametattattvajñānābhyāsena manonāśābhyāsena vāsanākṣayābhyāsena ca rāgadveṣaśūnyatayā yaḥ svaparasukhaduḥkhādiṣu samadṛṣṭiḥ sa paramo yogī mato yastu viṣamadṛṣṭiḥ sa tattvajñānavānapyaparamo yogīti ||32||

The Sārārthavarṣiṇī commentary by Viśvanātha

kiṃ ca, sādhanadaśāyāṃ yogī sarvatra samaḥ syādityuktam | tatra mukhyaṃ sāmyaṃ vyacaṣṭe ātmaupamyeneti | sukhaṃ vā duḥkhaṃ veti yathā mama sukhaṃ priyaṃ duḥkhamapriyaṃ, tathaivānyeṣāmapīti sarvatra samaṃ paśyan sukhameva sarveṣāṃ yo vāñchati, na tu kasyāpi duḥkham, sa yogī śreṣṭho mamābhimataḥ ||32||

The Gītābhūṣaṇa commentary by Baladeva

sarvabhūtahite rataḥ iti yatprāguktaṃ, tadviśadayati ātmaupamyeneti | vyutthānadaśāyāmātmaupamyena svasādṛśyena sukhaṃ duḥkhaṃ ca yaḥ sarvatra samaṃ paśyati | svasyeva parasya sukhamevecchati, na tu duḥkham, sa svaparasukhaduḥkhasamadṛṣṭiḥ sarvānukampī yogī mama paramaḥ śreṣṭho'bhimataḥ | tadviṣamadṛṣṭistu tattvajño'pyaparamayogīti bhāvaḥ ||32||

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