Verse 4.18

karmaṇyakarma yaḥ paśyedakarmaṇi ca karma yaḥ |
sa buddhimānmanuṣyeṣu sa yuktaḥ kṛtsnakarmakṛt ||18||

The Subodhinī commentary by Śrīdhara

tadevaṃ karmādīnāṃ durvijñeyatvaṃ darśayannāha karmaṇīti | parameśvarārādhanalakṣaṇe karmaṇi karmaviṣaye akarma karmedaṃ na bhavatīti yaḥ paśyet | tasya jñānahetutvena bandhakatvābhāvāt | akarmaṇi ca vihitākaraṇe karma yaḥ paśyetpratyavāyotpādakatvena bandhahetutvāt | manuṣyeṣu karma kurvāṇeṣu sa buddhimān vyavasāyātmakabuddhimattvācchreṣṭhaḥ | taṃ stauti sa yukto yogī | tena karmaṇā jñānayogāvāpteḥ | sa eva kṛtsnakarmakartā ca | sarvataḥ samplutodakasthānīye ca tasmin karmaṇi sarvakarmaphalānāmantarbhāvāttadevamārurukṣoḥ karmayogādhikārāvasthāyāṃ na karmaṇām
anārambhādityādinokta eva karmayogaḥ spaṣṭīkṛtaḥ | tatprapañcarūpatvāccāsya prakaraṇasya na paunaruktyadoṣaḥ | anenaiva yogārūḍhāvasthāyāṃ yastvātmaratireva syādityādinā yaḥ karmānupayoga uktastasyāpyarthātprapañcaḥ kṛto veditavyaḥ | yadārurukṣorapi karma bandhakaṃ na bhavati tadārūḍhasya kuto bandhakaṃ syātityatrāpi śloko yujyate |

yadvā, karmaṇi dehendriyādivyāpāre vartamāne'pyātmano dehādivyatirekānubhavena akarma svābhāvikaṃ niaṣkarmyameva yaḥ paśyettathā akarmaṇi ca jñānarahite duḥkhabuddhyā karmaṇāṃ tyāge karma yaḥ paśyettasya prayatnasādhyatvena mithyācāratvāt | taduktaṃ karmendriyāṇi saṃyamyetyādinā | ya evambhūtaḥ sa tu sarveṣu manuṣyeṣu buddhimān paṇḍitaḥ | tatra hetuḥ yataḥ kṛtsnāni sarvāṇi yadṛcchayā prāptānyāhārādīni karmāṇi kurvannapi sa yukta eva akartrātmajñānena samādhistha evetyarthaḥ | anenanaiva jñāninaḥ svabhāvādāpannaṃ kalañjabhakṣaṇādikaṃ na doṣāya | ajñasya tu
rāgataḥ kṛtaṃ doṣāya iti vikarmaṇo'pi tattvaṃ nirūpitaṃ draṣṭavyam ||18||

The Gūḍhārthadīpikā commentary by Madhusūdana

kīdṛśaṃ tarhi karmādīnāṃ tattvamiti tadāha karmaṇīti | karmaṇi dehendriyādivyāpāre vihite pratiṣiddhe cāhaṃ karomīti dharmyadhyāsenātmanyāropit॰॰ | nausthenācalatsu taṭasthavṛkṣādiṣu samāropite calana ivākartātmasvarūpālocanena vastutaḥ karmābhāvaṃ taṭasthavṛkṣādiṣviva yaḥ paśyetpaśyati | tathā dehendriyādiṣu triguṇamāyāpariṇāmatvena sarvadā savyāpāreṣu nirvyāpārastūṣṇīṃ sukhamāsa ityabhimānena samāropite'karmaṇi vyāpāroparame dūrasthacakṣuḥsaṃnikṛṣṭapuruṣeṣu gacchatsvapyagamana iva sarvadā savyāpāradehendriyādisvarūpaparyālocanena
vastugatyā karma nivṛttyākhyaprayatnarūpaṃ vyāpāraṃ yaḥ paśyedudāhṛtapuruṣeṣu gamanamiva | audāsīnyāvasthāyāmapyudāsīno'hamāsa ityabhimāna eva karma | etādṛśaḥ paramārthadarśī sa buddhimānityādinā buddhimattvayogayuktatvasarvakarmakṛttvaistribhirdharmaiḥ stūyate |

atra prathamapādena karmavikarmaṇostattvaṃ karmaśabdasya vihitapratiṣiddhaparatvāt | dvitīyapādena cākarmaṇastattvaṃ darśitamiti draṣṭavyam | tatra yattvaṃ manyase karmaṇo bandhahetutvāttūṣṇīmeva mayā sukhena sthātavyamiti tanmṛṣā | asati kartṛtvābhimāne vihitasya pratiṣiddhasya vā karmaṇo bandhahetutvābhāvāt | tathā ca vyākhyātaṃ na māṃ karmāṇi limpanti [Gītā 4.14] ityādinā | satica kartṛtvābhimāne tūṣṇīmahamāsa ityaudāsīnyābhimānātmakaṃ yatkarma tadapi bandhahetureva vastutattvāparijñānāt | tasmātkarmavikarmākarmaṇāṃ tattvamīdṛśaṃ jñātvā vikarmākarmaṇī parityajya kartṛtvābhimānaphalābhisandhihānena vihitaṃ karmaiva kurvityabhiprāyaḥ |

aparā vyākhyā karmaṇi jñānakarmaṇi dṛśye jaḍe sadrūpeṇa sphuraṇarūpeṇa cānusyūtaṃ sarvabhramādhiṣṭhānamakarmāvedyaṃ svaprakāśacaitanyaṃ paramārthadṛṣṭyā yaḥ paśyet | tathākarmaṇi ca svaprakāśe dṛgvastuni kalpitaṃ karma dṛśyaṃ māyāmayaṃ na paramārthasat | dṛgdṛśyayoḥ sambandhānupapatteḥ

yastu sarvāṇi bhūtāni ātmanyevānupaśyati |
sarvabhūteṣu cātmānaṃ tato na vijugupsate || [ĪśaU 6] iti śruteḥ |

evaṃ parasparādhyāse'pi śuddhaṃ vastu yaḥ paśyati manuṣyeṣu madhye sa eva buddhimānnānyaḥ | asya paramārthadarśitvādanyasya cāparamārthadarśitvāt | sa ca buddhisādhanayogyayukto'ntaḥkaraṇaśuddhyaikāgracittaḥ | ataḥ sa evāntaḥkaraṇaśuddhisādhanakṛtsnakarmakṛditi vāstavadharmaireva stūyate | yasmādevaṃ tasmāttvamapi paramārthadarśī bhava tāvataiva kṛtsnakarmakāritvopapatterityabhiprāyaḥ |

ato yaduktaṃ yajjñātvā mokṣyase'śubhāditi | yaccoktaṃ karmādīnāṃ tattvaṃ boddhavyamastīti sa buddhimānityādistutiśca | tatsarvaṃ paramārthadarśane saṃgacchate | anyajñānādaśubhātsaṃsārānmokṣānupapatteḥ | atattvaṃ cānyanna boddhavyaṃ na vā yajjñāne buddhimattvamiti yuktaiva paramārthadarśināṃ vyākhyā |

yattu vyākhyānaṃ karmaṇi nitye parameśvarārthe'nuṣṭhīyamāne bandhahetutvābhāvādakarmedamiti yaḥ paśyet | tathākarmaṇi ca nityakarmākaraṇe pratyavāyahetutvena karmedamiti yaḥ paśyetsa buddhimānityādi tadasaṅgatameva | nityakarmaṇyakarmedamiti jñānasyāśubhamokṣahetutvābhāvāt, mithyājñānatvena tasyivāśubhatvācca | na caitādṛśaṃ mithyājñānaṃ boddhavyaṃ tattvaṃ nāpyetādṛśajñāne buddhimattvādistutyupapattirbhrāntitvāt | nityakarmānuṣṭhānaṃ hi svarūpato'ntaḥkaraṇaśuddhidvāropayujyate na tatrākarmabuddhiḥ kutrāpyupayujyate śāstreṇa nāmādiṣu brahmadṛṣṭivadavihitatvāt | nāpīdameva vākyaṃ tadvidhāyakamupakramādivirodhasyokteḥ
| evaṃ nityakarmākaraṇamapi svarūpato nityakarmaviruddhakarmalakṣakatayopayujyate na tu tatra karmadṛṣṭiḥ kvāpyupayujyate | nāpi nityakarmākaraṇātpratyavāyaḥ | abhāvādbhāvotpattyayogāt | anyathā tadaviśeṣeṇa sarvadā kāryotpattiprasaṅgāt | bhāvārthāḥ karmaśabdāstebhyaḥ kriyā pratīyetaiṣa hyartho vidhīyata iti nyāyena bhāvārthasyaivāpūrvajanakatvāt | atirātre ṣoḍaśinaṃ na gṛhṇāti ityādāvapi saṅkalpaviśeṣasyaivāpūrvajanakatvābhyupagamāt | nekṣetodyantamādityamityādiprajāpativratavat | ato nityakarmānuṣṭhānārhe kāle tadviruddhatayā yadupaveśanādi karma tadeva nityakarmākaraṇopalakṣitaṃ pratyavāyaheturiti vaidikānāṃ
siddhāntaḥ | ataevākurvan vihitaṃ karmetyatra lakṣaṇārthe śatā vyākhyātaḥ | lakṣaṇahetvoḥ kriyāyā ityaviśeṣasmaraṇe'pyatra hetutvānupapatteḥ | tasmānmithyādarśanāpanode prastute mithyādarśanavyākhyānaṃ na śobhatetarām | nāpi nityānuṣṭhānaparamevaitadvākyaṃ nityāni kuryādityarthe karmaṇyakarma yaḥ paśyedityādi tadabodhakaraṃ vākyaṃ prayuñjānasya bhagavataḥ pratārakatvāpatterityādi bhāṣya eva vistareṇa vyākhyātamityuparamyate ||18||

The Sārārthavarṣiṇī commentary by Viśvanātha

tatra karmākarmaṇostattvabodhamāha karmaṇīti | śuddhāntaḥkaraṇasya jñānavattve'pi janakāderivākṛtasannyāsasya karmaṇyanuṣṭhīyamāne niṣkāmakarmayoge akarma | karmedaṃ na bhavatīti yaḥ paśyettatkarmaṇo bandhakatvābhāvātiti bhāvaḥ | tathāśuddhāntaḥkaraṇasya jñānābhāve'pi śāstrajñatvātjñānavāvadūkasya sannyāsino'karmaṇi karmākaraṇe karma paśyetdurgatiprāpakaṃ karmabandhamevopalabhate | sa eva buddhimān | sa tu kṛtsnakarmāṇyeva karoti, na tu tasya jñānavāvadūkasya jñānimāninaḥ saṅgenāpi tadvacasāpi sannyāsaṃ na karotīti bhāvaḥ | tathā ca bhagavadvākyam

yastvasaṃyataṣaḍvargaḥ pracaṇḍendriyasārathiḥ |
jñānavairāgyarahitastridaṇḍamupajīvati ||
surānātmānamātmasthaṃ nihnute māṃ ca dharmahā |
avipakvakaṣāyo'smādamuṣmācca vihīyate || [BhP 11.18.40-1] iti ||18||

The Gītābhūṣaṇa commentary by Baladeva

karmākarmaṇorboddhavyaṃ svarūpamāha karmaṇīti | anuṣṭhīyamāne niṣkāme karmaṇi yo'karma prastutatvātkarmaṇyātmajñānaṃ paśyet, akarmaṇyātmajñāne yaḥ karma paśyet | etaduktaṃ bhavati yo mumukṣurhṛdviśuddhaye kriyamāṇaṃ karmātmajñānānusandhigarbhatvājjñānākāraṃ, tacca jñānaṃ karmadvārakatvātkarmākāraṃ paśyet | ubhayorekātmoddeśyatvādubhayamekaṃ vidyādityarthaḥ | evameva vakṣyate sāṅkhyayogau pṛthagbālāḥ ityādineti | evamanuṣṭhīyamāne karmaṇi ātmayāthātmyaṃ yo'nusandhatte sa manuṣyeṣu buddhimān paṇḍitaḥ | yukto mokṣayogyaḥ
| kṛtsnakarmakṛtsarveṣāṃ karmaphalānāmātmajñānasukhāntarbhūtatvāt ||18||

__________________________________________________________