Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.2.11

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

चित्ति॒मचि॑त्तिं चिनव॒द्वि वि॒द्वान्पृ॒ष्ठेव॑ वी॒ता वृ॑जि॒ना च॒ मर्ता॑न् । रा॒ये च॑ नः स्वप॒त्याय॑ देव॒ दितिं॑ च॒ रास्वादि॑तिमुरुष्य ॥
चित्तिमचित्तिं चिनवद्वि विद्वान्पृष्ठेव वीता वृजिना च मर्तान् । राये च नः स्वपत्याय देव दितिं च रास्वादितिमुरुष्य ॥
cittim acittiṃ cinavad vi vidvān pṛṣṭheva vītā vṛjinā ca martān | rāye ca naḥ svapatyāya deva ditiṃ ca rāsvāditim uruṣya ||

English translation:

“May the wise Agni discriminate between virtue and vice between (virtuous and wicked) men, as a (groom distinguishes between) the strong and weak backs (of horses); enrich us with wealth accompanied by virtuous offspring; be bountiful to the liberal giver; shun him who gives not.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Cittim acittim cinavadvi vidvān, may the sage (Agni) distinguish that which is to be known, cittim jñātavyam puṇyam or virtue, and acittim acetanīyam not to be thought of, or pāpam sin; cittim and acittim are explained by jñānam and ajñānam, knowledge and ignorance; martān, mortals or men, has no epithets and are supplied: the comparison runs: pṛṣṭheva vitā vṛjinā ca, like backs bright, (kāntāni) and ill-bearing (durvahāṇi); for the horses and the groom, (aśvapāla)

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

चित्ति॑म् । अचि॑त्तिम् । चि॒न॒व॒त् । वि । वि॒द्वान् । पृ॒ष्टाऽइ॑व । वी॒ता । वृ॒जि॒ना । च॒ । मर्ता॑न् । रा॒ये । च॒ । नः॒ । सु॒ऽअ॒प॒त्याय॑ । दे॒व॒ । दिति॑म् । च॒ । रास्व॑ । अदि॑तिम् । उ॒रु॒ष्य॒ ॥
चित्तिम् । अचित्तिम् । चिनवत् । वि । विद्वान् । पृष्टाइव । वीता । वृजिना । च । मर्तान् । राये । च । नः । सुअपत्याय । देव । दितिम् । च । रास्व । अदितिम् । उरुष्य ॥
cittim | acittim | cinavat | vi | vidvān | pṛṣṭāiva | vītā | vṛjinā | ca | martān | rāye | ca | naḥ | su-apatyāya | deva | ditim | ca | rāsva | aditim | uruṣya

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.2.11 English analysis of grammar]

cittim < citti

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“purpose.”

acittiṃ < acittim < acitti

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“ignorance.”

cinavad < cinavat < ci

[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

“cover; accumulate; pile up; pick; cover.”

vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

vidvān < vid

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”

pṛṣṭheva < pṛṣṭhā < pṛṣṭha

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“back; top; top; surface; shell; peak; Pṛṣṭha; flat roof; pṛṣṭha [word]; back; roof.”

pṛṣṭheva < iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

vītā < vīta

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“straight; smooth.”

vṛjinā < vṛjina

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“deceitful; crooked; bent.”

ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

martān < marta

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“man.”

rāye < rai

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”

ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

naḥ < mad

[noun], dative, plural

“I; mine.”

svapatyāya < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

svapatyāya < apatyāya < apatya

[noun], dative, singular, neuter

“child; offspring; patronymic; descendant.”

deva

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

ditiṃ < ditim < diti

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“Diti; diti [word].”

ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

rāsvāditim < rāsvā <

[verb], singular, Aorist imperative

“give; impart.”

rāsvāditim < aditim < aditi

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“Aditi; aditi [word].”

uruṣya < uruṣy

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“protect; help.”

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