Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 3.31.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अ॒भि जैत्री॑रसचन्त स्पृधा॒नं महि॒ ज्योति॒स्तम॑सो॒ निर॑जानन् । तं जा॑न॒तीः प्रत्युदा॑यन्नु॒षास॒: पति॒र्गवा॑मभव॒देक॒ इन्द्र॑: ॥
अभि जैत्रीरसचन्त स्पृधानं महि ज्योतिस्तमसो निरजानन् । तं जानतीः प्रत्युदायन्नुषासः पतिर्गवामभवदेक इन्द्रः ॥
abhi jaitrīr asacanta spṛdhānam mahi jyotis tamaso nir ajānan | taṃ jānatīḥ praty ud āyann uṣāsaḥ patir gavām abhavad eka indraḥ ||
English translation:
“The victorious (Maruts) associated (with Indra when contending with Vṛtra) perceived a great light issuing from the darkness. The dawns recognizing him (as the sun) arose, and Indra was the sole sovereign of the rays (of light).”
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gāthino viśvāmitraḥ, aiṣīrathīḥ kuśiko vā [gāthina viśvāmitra, aiṣīrathīḥ kuśika vā];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अ॒भि । जैत्रीः॑ । अ॒स॒च॒न्त॒ । स्पृ॒धा॒नम् । महि॑ । ज्योतिः॑ । तम॑सः । निः । अ॒जा॒न॒न् । तम् । जा॒न॒तीः । प्रति॑ । उत् । आ॒य॒न् । उ॒षसः॑ । पतिः॑ । गवा॑म् । अ॒भ॒व॒त् । एकः॑ । इन्द्रः॑ ॥
अभि । जैत्रीः । असचन्त । स्पृधानम् । महि । ज्योतिः । तमसः । निः । अजानन् । तम् । जानतीः । प्रति । उत् । आयन् । उषसः । पतिः । गवाम् । अभवत् । एकः । इन्द्रः ॥
abhi | jaitrīḥ | asacanta | spṛdhānam | mahi | jyotiḥ | tamasaḥ | niḥ | ajānan | tam | jānatīḥ | prati | ut | āyan | uṣasaḥ | patiḥ | gavām | abhavat | ekaḥ | indraḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 3.31.4 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“towards; on.”
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine
[verb], plural, Imperfect
“accompany; follow; company; obey; participate; enter.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“rival.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“great; firm.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“light; star; luminosity; fire; jyotis [word]; digestion; planet; light; sunlight.”
[noun], ablative, singular, neuter
“dark; darkness; Tamas; tamas [word]; faint; tamas; gloom; ignorance.”
[adverb]
“niḥ; away; out; without.”
[verb], plural, Imperfect
“know; diagnose; perceive; know; come to know; notice; determine; think of; find; learn; perceive; identify; recognize; understand; know; learn; ascertain; detect; deem.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“know; diagnose; perceive; know; come to know; notice; determine; think of; find; learn; perceive; identify; recognize; understand; know; learn; ascertain; detect; deem.”
[adverb]
“towards; per; regarding; respectively; according to; until.”
[adverb]
“up.”
[verb], plural, Imperfect
“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“dawn.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“husband; overlord; king; deity; īśvara; ruler; pati [word]; commanding officer; leader; owner; mayor; lord.”
[noun], genitive, plural, masculine
“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”