Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.77.3
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
स हि क्रतु॒: स मर्य॒: स सा॒धुर्मि॒त्रो न भू॒दद्भु॑तस्य र॒थीः । तं मेधे॑षु प्रथ॒मं दे॑व॒यन्ती॒र्विश॒ उप॑ ब्रुवते द॒स्ममारी॑: ॥
स हि क्रतुः स मर्यः स साधुर्मित्रो न भूदद्भुतस्य रथीः । तं मेधेषु प्रथमं देवयन्तीर्विश उप ब्रुवते दस्ममारीः ॥
sa hi kratuḥ sa maryaḥ sa sādhur mitro na bhūd adbhutasya rathīḥ | tam medheṣu prathamaṃ devayantīr viśa upa bruvate dasmam ārīḥ ||
English translation:
“For he is the performer of rites, he is the destroyer and reviver (of all things), and, like a friend he is the donor of unattained wealth; all men reverencing the gods, and approaching the well-looking Agni, repeat his name first in holy rites.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Marya and sādhu = destroyer and reviver; or, killer or extirpator of all and the producer
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gotamo rāhūgaṇaḥ [gotama rāhūgaṇa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
सः । हि । क्रतुः॑ । सः । मर्यः॑ । सः । सा॒धुः । मि॒त्रः । न । भू॒त् । अद्भु॑तस्य । र॒थीः । तम् । मेधे॑षु । प्र॒थ॒मम् । दे॒व॒ऽयन्तीः । विशः॑ । उप॑ । ब्रु॒व॒ते॒ । द॒स्मम् । आरीः॑ ॥
सः । हि । क्रतुः । सः । मर्यः । सः । साधुः । मित्रः । न । भूत् । अद्भुतस्य । रथीः । तम् । मेधेषु । प्रथमम् । देवयन्तीः । विशः । उप । ब्रुवते । दस्मम् । आरीः ॥
saḥ | hi | kratuḥ | saḥ | maryaḥ | saḥ | sādhuḥ | mitraḥ | na | bhūt | adbhutasya | rathīḥ | tam | medheṣu | prathamam | deva-yantīḥ | viśaḥ | upa | bruvate | dasmam | ārīḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.77.3 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[adverb]
“because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“yajña; decision; plan; deliberation; intelligence; Kratu; will; kratu [word]; desire; resoluteness; ritual.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“young buck; boyfriend.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“good; good; correct; correct; sādhu [word]; excellent; efficient.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[noun], genitive, singular, neuter
“extraordinary; amazing; supernatural.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], locative, plural, masculine
“yajña; juice.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“solicit.”
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine
“people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”
[adverb]
“towards; on; next.”
[verb], plural, Present indikative
“say; tell; describe; speak; state; answer; call; explain; address; proclaim; talk; talk; choose.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“overlord.”
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine
“noble; noble; Indo-European; ārya [word]; honorable; noble.”