Hitopadesha [sanskrit]

8,857 words

The Sanskrit edition of the Hitopadesha referencing the English translation and grammatical analysis. Written by Narayana in the 8th century, the Hitopadesha represents a collection of short stories involving human and animal characters, instructing the reader on basic ancient Indian moral values and ethical conduct. Alternative titles: हितोपदेशः, Hitopadeśa, Hitopadesa.

Verse 3.3

प्रजां संरक्षति नृपः सा वर्धयति पार्थिवम् ।
वर्धनाद् रक्षणं श्रेयस् तद्-अभावे सद् अप्य् असत् ॥ ३ ॥

prajāṃ saṃrakṣati nṛpaḥ sā vardhayati pārthivam |
vardhanād rakṣaṇaṃ śreyas tad-abhāve sad apy asat || 3 ||

The English translation of Hitopadesha Verse 3.3 is contained in the book The Hitopadesa of Sri Narayana Pandita by Satya Narayana dasa. This book is not available online so in order to read the full text and translation you should buy the book:

Buy now! English translation by Satya Narayana dasa (1997)

Glossary of Sanskrit terms

Note: This extracts Sanskrit terms and links to English definitions from the glossary, based on an experimental segmentation of verse (3.3). Some terms could be superfluous while some might not be mentioned. Click on the word to show English definitions.

Praja, Rakshat, Nripa, Vardhayat, Parthiva, Vardhana, Rakshana, Shreyah, Shreyas, Shreya, Tad, Tat, Abhava, Asat,

Analysis of Sanskrit grammar

Note: this is an experimental feature and only shows the first possible analysis of the Sanskrit text (Hitopadesha Verse 3.3). If the system was successful in segmenting the sentence, you will see of which words it is made up of, generally consisting of Nouns, Pronouns, Verbs, Participles and Indeclinables. Click on the link to show all possible derivations of the word.

  • Line 1: “prajāṃ saṃrakṣati nṛpaḥ vardhayati pārthivam
  • prajām -
  • prajā (noun, feminine)
    [accusative single]
  • saṃ -
  • sa (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    sam (Preverb)
    [Preverb]
  • rakṣati -
  • rakṣ -> rakṣat (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √rakṣ class 1 verb]
    rakṣ -> rakṣat (participle, neuter)
    [locative single from √rakṣ class 1 verb]
    rakṣ (verb class 1)
    [present active third single]
  • nṛpaḥ -
  • nṛpa (noun, masculine)
    [nominative single]
  • sā* -
  • so (noun, feminine)
    [accusative plural]
  • vardhayati -
  • vardh -> vardhayat (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √vardh class 10 verb]
    vardh -> vardhayat (participle, neuter)
    [locative single from √vardh class 10 verb]
    vṛdh -> vardhayat (participle, masculine)
    [locative single from √vṛdh]
    vṛdh -> vardhayat (participle, neuter)
    [locative single from √vṛdh]
    vardh (verb class 10)
    [present active third single]
    vṛdh (verb class 0)
    [present active third single]
  • pārthivam -
  • pārthiva (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    pārthiva (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • Line 2: “vardhanād rakṣaṇaṃ śreyas tad-abhāve sad apy asat
  • vardhanād -
  • vardhana (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
    vardhana (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [ablative single]
  • rakṣaṇam -
  • rakṣaṇa (noun, masculine)
    [adverb], [accusative single]
    rakṣaṇa (noun, neuter)
    [adverb], [nominative single], [accusative single]
    rakṣaṇā (noun, feminine)
    [adverb]
  • śreyas -
  • śreyaḥ (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    śreyas (noun, masculine)
    [compound], [adverb]
    śreyas (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [adverb], [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    śrā -> śreya (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √śrā class 1 verb], [nominative single from √śrā class 2 verb], [nominative single from √śrā class 4 verb]
    śrai -> śreya (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √śrai class 1 verb], [nominative single from √śrai class 2 verb], [nominative single from √śrai class 4 verb]
    śri -> śreya (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √śri class 1 verb]
    śrī -> śreya (participle, masculine)
    [nominative single from √śrī class 9 verb]
  • tad -
  • tad (indeclinable)
    [indeclinable]
    tad (indeclinable adverb)
    [indeclinable adverb]
    tat (indeclinable correlative)
    [indeclinable correlative]
    tad (noun, neuter)
    [compound], [nominative single], [accusative single]
  • abhāve -
  • abhāva (noun, masculine)
    [locative single]
  • sad -
  • Cannot analyse apy*as
  • asat -
  • asat (noun, masculine)
    [compound]
    asat (noun, neuter)
    [nominative single], [vocative single], [accusative single]
    sas (verb class 2)
    [imperfect active third single]

Other editions:

Also see the following editions of the Sanskrit text or (alternative) English translations of the Hitopadesha Verse 3.3

Cover of edition (2015)

The Hitopadesa of Narayana
by M. R. Kale (2015)

Edited with A Sanskrit Commentary "Marma-Prakasika" and Notes in English; 9788120806023; Published by Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd.

Buy now!
Cover of Gujarati edition

Hitopadesa (in Gujarati)
by Dr. Narayan M. Kansara (2007)

[હિતોપદેશ]—[ડો. નારાયણ એમ. કંસારા] Sanskrit Text With Gujarati Translation; Published by Saraswati Pustak Bhandar, Ahmedabad

Buy now!

Preview of verse 3.3 in Gujarati sript:
પ્રજાં સંરક્ષતિ નૃપઃ સા વર્ધયતિ પાર્થિવમ્ ।
વર્ધનાદ્ રક્ષણં શ્રેયસ્ તદ્-અભાવે સદ્ અપ્ય્ અસત્ ॥ ૩ ॥

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