Guru: 50 definitions

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Introduction:

Guru means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Guru has 50 English definitions available.

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Sanskrit dictionary

[Deutsch Wörterbuch]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Böhtlingk and Roth Grosses Petersburger Wörterbuch

Guru (गुरु):—[Die Uṇādi-Affixe 1, 24.]

1) adj. f. gurvī; compar. garīyaṃs [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 6, 4, 157.] [Vopadeva’s Grammatik 7, 56.] [Taittirīyabrāhmaṇa 1, 2, 6, 3.] acc. m. garīyasam [Mahābhārata 1, 2749.] gurutara häufig; garīyastara [Mahābhārata 7, 5324.] superl. gariṣṭha [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 6, 4, 157.] [Amarakoṣa 3, 2, 62.] a) schwer (Gegens. laghu) [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 3, 3, 344.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha 2, 411.] [Medinīkoṣa r. 25.] parā ha.yatsthi.aṃ ha.ha naro va.tayathā gu.u [Ṛgveda 1, 39, 3.] bhāraḥ [4, 5, 6.] [Atharvavedasaṃhitā 9, 3, 24.] [Aitareyabrāhmaṇa 4, 13.] aśmā [Atharvavedasaṃhitā 6, 42, 2.] [The Śatapathabrāhmaṇa 12, 2, 2, 10.] purogururiva hi vajraḥ [Pañcaviṃśabrāhmaṇa 8, 5.] madagurupakṣairalivṛndaiḥ [Raghuvaṃśa 12, 102.] [Meghadūta 90.] vāsāṃsi [Ṛtusaṃhāra 1, 7.] gadā gurvī [Mahābhārata 3, 885.] dhūḥ [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 2, 7.] [Raghuvaṃśa 1, 34. 3, 35.] tvayeyamuhyate vīra raṇadhūrno garīyasī überaus schwer [Rāmāyaṇa 6, 82, 43.] gurutara [Mahābhārata 3, 13293.] (sparśaḥ) laghurgurutaro ( = guru) pi ca [12, 6856.] schwer im Magen liegend, schwer verdaulich, = durjara [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] [Suśruta 1, 20, 12. 149, 16. 17. 172, 5. 206, 8. 19. 207, 13 u.s.w.] gurūdaratva [2, 408, 21.] — b) gross, ausgedehnt (dem äussern Umfange nach), = mahant [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 1430.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] mṛga [Pañcatantra II, 199.] sotsāhaśaktisaṃpanno hanyācchatruṃ laghurgurum [III, 28.] sattvānām [31, 1.] svalpajalāśayāḥ, gurujalāśayāḥ [51, 8.] te svalpā api gurūnvikramante [79, 2.] chāyā Schatten und maitrī Freundschaft [Bhartṛhari 2, 50.] kratu [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 3, 328.] guruṣu divaseṣveṣu gacchatsu lang [Meghadūta 81.] śarīre gurutarāḥ prahārāḥ saṃjātāḥ [Pañcatantra 214, 15.] (pṛṣṭhe) dharaṇidharaṇakiṇacakragariṣṭhe (Sch.: = dṛḍha, kaṭhina, aber genauer: angeschwollen) [Gītagovinda 1, 6.] — c) in der Pros. von Natur oder positione lang [Prātiśākhya zum Ṛgveda 1, 4. 18, 19.] [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 4, 11. 12.] [Śrutabodha 7 u.s.w.] compar. ein langer Vocal in geschlossener Silbe [Prātiśākhya zum Ṛgveda 18, 20.] — d) gross (dem Grade nach), heftig: mantro gu.uḥ punarastu.so asmai sein harter Spruch (Fluch) falle auf ihn zurück [Ṛgveda 1, 147, 4.] gu.u dveṣo araruṣe dadhanti [7, 56, 19.] tyajaḥ [8, 47, 7.] duḥkha [Bhagavadgītā 6. 22.] aparādha [Pañcatantra I, 342.] hṛdayakampa [Vikramorvaśī 6.] paritāpa [Śākuntala 66.] kāntāvirahaguruṇā -śāpena [Meghadūta 1.] adrigrahaṇagurubhirgarjitaiḥ [45.] śuc [86.] śoka [Caurapañcāśikā 28.] kheda [Gītagovinda 9, 7.] praharṣa [Raghuvaṃśa 3, 17.] kṣātrādbralādbrahmabalaṃ garīyaḥ [Mahābhārata 14, 255.] gurutaraṃ vyasanam [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 7, 52. 9, 295.] enas [11, 256.] pāpa [Mahābhārata 12, 6083.] yatna [3, 16449.] [Rāmāyaṇa 6, 37, 38.] śabda [Vetālapañcaviṃśati 26, 9.] garīyastaraṃ bhayam Gefahr [Mahābhārata 7, 5324.] — e) wichtig, gewichtig, eine grosse Bedeutung habend, viel geltend: dharma [BRĀMAṆ. 2, 6.] gurvarthakāla [Arjunasamāgama 5, 7.] kārya [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 24, 22.] [Pañcatantra 109. 21. 265, 1.] [Śākuntala 94.] lokapālānubhāvāḥ [Raghuvaṃśa 2, 75.] bhāṣita eine hochfahrende Rede [Pañcatantra I, 356.] nṛpeṇādhikṛtāḥ pūgāḥ śreṇayo tha kulāni ca . pūrvaṃ pūrvaṃ guru (in der Bed. des compar.) jñeyaṃ vyavahāravidhau nṛṇām .. [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 2, 30.] bhuktistatra garīyasī [28.] vījādyonirgarīyasī [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 9, 52. 2, 136.] dharmalopo garīyānvai [Mahābhārata 1, 1886.] (vacaḥ) ubhayaṃ me garīyastu [8426.] kiṃ rājñaḥ sarvakṛtyānāṃ garīyaḥ syāt [13, 2083.] kāryaṃ garīyaḥ [Rāmāyaṇa 5, 84, 3.] kāma evārthadharmābhyāṃ garīyān [2, 53, 9.] gurutaraṃ prayojanam [Pañcatantra 107, 10.] guṇagrāma [Bhartṛhari 3, 23.] svārthātsatāṃ gurutarā praṇayikriyā [Vikramorvaśī 94.] — f) lieb: na caitadvidmaḥ kataranno garīyo yadvā jayema yadi vā no jayeyuḥ [Bhagavadgītā 2, 6.] garīyaḥ kimato mama [Mahābhārata 13, 146.] putraṃ mama prāṇairgarīyasam [1, 2749.] [Duaupadīpramātha 7, 14.] dhanāśā jīvitāśā ca gurvī prāṇabhṛtāṃ sadā . vṛddhasya taruṇī bhāryā prāṇebhyo pi garīyasī .. [Hitopadeśa I, 105.] [Rāmāyaṇa 3, 55, 51.] mahadbhiḥ spardhamānasya vipadeva garīyasī [Pañcatantra I, 418.] [Raghuvaṃśa 14, 35.] — g) ehrwürdig, in grossem Ansehen stehend: mātā tābhyo garīyasī [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 2, 133. 146. 231. 11, 204.] [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 1, 35.] [Bhagavadgītā 11, 37. 43.] gururgarīyasāṃ śreṣṭhaḥ der Lehrer steht unter den Ehrwürdigen oben an [Mahābhārata 1, 3044.] gato daśarathaḥ svargaṃ yo no gurutaro guruḥ [Rāmāyaṇa 2, 79, 2.] tvaṃ mahyaṃ gurorgurutarā [Mahābhārata 1, 3267. 3, 1857] [?(Indralokāgamana 5, 41:] gurutarī). gariṣṭha [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 7, 15, 45.] [Sāhityadarpana 23, 15.] —

2) m. a) eine ehrwürdige, angesehene Person, der man Ehrerbietung schuldig ist; Vater, Mutter, ältere Verwandte [GOBH. 2, 3. 11. 4, 10.] ācāryāyābhivādayeta gurubhyaśca [Śāṅkhāyana’s Gṛhyasūtrāṇi 4, 12.] [Bhagavadgītā 2, 5.] gururagnirdvijātīnāṃ varṇānāṃ brāhmaṇo guruḥ . patireko guruḥ strīṇāṃ sarvatrābhyāgato guruḥ .. [Cāṇakya 49.] daivataṃ hi bhavāṃguruḥ [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 22, 20.] mama bhāryā tava guruḥ [Sundopasundopākhyāna 4, 15.] (dilīpaḥ) gururnṛpāṇām [Raghuvaṃśa 2, 68.] kṣitidharaguroḥ sumeroḥ ad [Śākuntala 78.] sg. Vater [Rāmāyaṇa 1, 51, 7—9.] [Śākuntala 168.] [Raghuvaṃśa 3, 31. 48. 4, 1. 12, 9.] der ältere Bruder [Rāmāyaṇa 6, 95, 48.] du. die Eltern [Sāvitryupākhyāna 4, 22.] pl. dass. [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 4, 153. 251. 252.] [Vikramorvaśī 148.] [Kathāsaritsāgara 4, 14. 15. 71.] ātmānaṃ guruṃ kar sich selbst vor Allen achten, sich selbst für die höchste Autorität ansehen [Mahābhārata 13, 21]; vgl. [24.] guru = pitrādi [Amarakoṣa 3, 4, 25, 164.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] — b) insbes. der Lehrer [Amarakoṣa 2, 7, 6.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 77.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] [Prātiśākhya zum Ṛgveda 15, 1. fgg.] [ĀŚV. GṚHY. 3, 9. 10. 4, 4. 6.] [Pāraskara’s Gṛhyasūtrāṇi 2, 4. 6. 11.] niṣekādīni karmāṇi yaḥ karoti yathāvidhi . saṃbhāvayati cānnena sa vipro gururucyate .. [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 2, 142.] alpaṃ vā bahu vā yasya śrutasyopakaroti yaḥ . tamapīha guruṃ vidyācchratopakriyayā tayā .. [149.] upanīya guruḥ śiṣyaṃ śikṣayecchaucamāditaḥ . ācāramagnikāryaṃ ca saṃdhyopāsanameva ca .. [69.] sa gururyaḥ kriyāḥ kṛtvā vedamasmai prayacchati [Yājñavalkya’s Gesetzbuch 1, 34.] ṣaṭtriṃśadābdikaṃ caryaṃ gurau traivedikaṃ vratam . tadardhikaṃ pādikaṃ vā grahaṇāntikameva vā .. [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 3, 1.] gururāhavanīyaḥ [2, 231.] vidyāguru [?206. - Mahābhārata 1, 3044. Rāmāyaṇa 1, 2, 9. Suśruta 1, 7, 11. 13, 3. 118, 20. Śākuntala 70, 3. Pañcatantra 94, 20. Raghuvaṃśa 1, 35. 57.] — c) der Lehrer der Götter, Bṛhaspati, der Planet Jupiter [Amarakoṣa 1, 1, 2, 25. 3, 4, 25, 164.] [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 1, 1, 91.] [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 119.] [Hemacandra’s Anekārthasaṃgraha] [Medinīkoṣa] [Manu’s Gesetzbuch 11, 119. 121.] [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 8, 33. 39. 9, 37. 11, 19. 17, 7 u.s.w.] [Weber’s Verzeichniss No. 896.] gurucāra [878.] — d) der Lehrer der Pāṇḍu, ein Beiname Droṇa’s [Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 2, 8, 19.] — e) Nomen proprium eines Sohnes des Saṃkṛti [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 9, 21, 2.] —

3) f. gurvī a) schwanger, eine schwangere Frau [Hemacandra’s Abhidhānacintāmaṇi 539.] — b) die Frau eines Lehrers [Śabdakalpadruma] [Wilson’s Wörterbuch]

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Guru (गुरु):—

1) a) schwer verdaulich [Spr. 4549.] — c) [Prātiśākha zum Atharvaveda 1, 52.] [Prātiśākhya zur Taittirīyasaṃhitā 2, 10.] [Weber’s Indische Studien 8, 84. 211. 222.] — d) ahameva guruḥ sudāruṇānāmiti hālāhala mā sma tāta dṛpyaḥ so v. a. der schrecklichste von Allen [Spr. 3665.] — e) garīyasīrgiraḥ [Sāhityadarpana 95, 21.] muhurnindyaṃ rūpaṃ kavijanaviśeṣairguru kṛtam so v. a. hoch gehalten [Spr. 3297]; vgl. gurukṛta . — f) [Z. 5. fg.] garīyasī so v. a. sehr ehrenvoll [Pañcatantra I, 418] gehört zu e); vgl. [Spr. 2144.] — g) gariṣṭha [Bhāgavatapurāṇa 12, 8, 39.] —

2) b) bei den Śākta Verfasser eines Mantra [Oxforder Handschriften 101,a,25.] — c) [Spr. 865] (zugleich schwer). [WEBER, Jyotiṣa 83.] — f) = Prabhākara [Oxforder Handschriften 255,b, Nalopākhyāna 5.258,b,19.] [HALL 50. 172.] — g) Bez. des 9ten astrologischen Hauses, = dharma [Varāhamihira’s Bṛhajjātaka S. 1, 16.]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Sanskrit-Wörterbuch in kürzerer Fassung

Guru (गुरु):——

1) Adj. (f. gurvī ; Compar. garīyaṃs und Superl. gariṣṭha s. bes.) — a) schwer , schwerer als (Abl.) [187,17.] gurutara auch = guru [Mahābhārata 12,184,37.] — b) schwer im Magen liegend , — verdaulich , — c) gross (dem äussern Umfange nach ([Bālarāmāyaṇa 91,20]) — d) schwer zu vollbringen ([Bālarāmāyaṇa 82,2]), — zu ertragen , drückend heftig , stark , gross (dem Grade nach) , arg schlimm [Meghadūta 80.] Mit einem Gen. Pl. der ärgste unter. gurutara grösser , ärger , schlimmer ; recht arg , — schlimm [Pañcatantra 241,15.] — e) wichtig , gewichtig , eine grosse Bedeutung habend , viel geltend. gurutara mehr geltend als ; sehr wichtig , — hoch stehend , Auch guru in der Bed. von gurutara. — f) ehrwürdig , in grossem Ansehen stehend (von Personen). gurutara ehrwürdiger ; sehr ehrwürdig. — g) Prosodisch lang. —

2) m. — a) eine ehrwürdige , hoch angesehene Person , Vater , Mutter , ein älterer Verwandter ; insbes. der Lehrer. Du. die Eltern. Pl. die Eltern und andere ehrwürdige Personen ; auch ehrerbletig vom Lehrer [253,16] (auch der Name im Pl.) Mit einem Gen. Pl. oder am Ende eines Comp. so v.a. das Haupt von. — b) bei den Śākta der Verfasser eines Mantra. — c) der Lehrer der Götter,Bṛhaspati. — d) der Planet Jupiter. — e) Beiname — α) *Droṇa’s , des Lehrers der Pāṇḍava. — β) des Philosophen Prabhākara. — f) das 9te astrologische Haus. — g) *Mucuna pruritus [Rājan 3,39.] — h) Nomen proprium eines Sohnes des Saṃkṛti. —

3) f. gurvī — a) f. zu guru 2)a) [Āpastamba’s Dharmasūtra 1,21,9.] — b) schwanger , eine schwangere Frau. — c) *die Frau eines Lehrers.

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Gurū (गुरू):—Adv. mit kar zu seinem Lehrer machen.

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

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